Hammir Singh
Hammir Singh | |
---|---|
Sisodia | |
Father | Ari Singh |
Mother | Urmila |
Maharana Hammir Singh (1302–1364),
Mewar during Rana Hammir's reign, was one of the few ethnic Indian states that had withstood the Turkic invasions. According to John Darwin "Only in Mewar and in Vijaynagar had Hindu states withstood the deluge".[4]
Mahavir Prasad Prashasti identify to Hammmir as Vanquisher of Turushkas.[5] After regaining Chittor, he built the Annapoorna Mata temple in Chittor Fort dedicated to Aai Birwadi.[6] He also built the old temple of Roopnarayan Ji in Sewantri.[7]
Relations with the Rawal Branch
Ancestors of Hammir Singh connecting to the Guhila Rawal Branch of Chittor are:[8]
- Ranasimha
- Rahapa
- Narapati
- Dinakara
- Jasakarna
- Nagapala
- Karnapala
- Prithvipal
- Bhuvanasimha
- Bhimasimha
- Jayasimha
- Lakhanasimha
- Arisimha (Arasi)
- Hammira (Hammir Singh)
Early years
Rana Laksha of Sisoda had nine sons, of whom the eldest was Ari Singh, who married Urmila, a Chandaana Chauhan Rajput lady from the village of Unnava near Kelwara.[9] Rana Hammir was the only child of this couple.
At the turn of the 13th century,
Lakshman Singh was Thakur of Sisoda village. He died along with his seven sons performing saka (fighting to death), while their women committed jauhar (self-immolation in preference to becoming enemy captives). Laksha was descended in direct patrician lineage from Bappa Rawal and hence belonged to the Gehlot (Guhilot) clan. Laksha came from the village of Sisoda near the town of Nathdwara and thus his children came to be known as Sisodia.
Recovering Chittorgarh
Khaljis allocated administration of Chittorgarh to Sonagara Maldev, ruler of the nearby state of Jalore. After becoming the Rana of Sisoda, Hammir pursued an aggressive scheme of recovering Mewar.
He made several attempts at capturing Chittor, but failed, due to which his resources dwindled and many of his followers left. Hammir, wishing to give rest to his men and regroup, ceased the attacks and started on a pilgrimage to Dwarka with his remaining men. On the way, he camped at the Khod village in Gujarat, where lived a known mystic Charan lady Aai Birwadi who was considered an incarnation of Hinglaj. Hammir paid homage and recounted his setbacks, at which he was advised to return to Mewar and make preparations for another attack. Hammir responded that he no longer has the manpower and capacity to launch another attack. The mystic Birwadi Mata assured him that her son Baruji Charan and his clansmen will join him in Mewar.[6]
In a few days, Baruji, a rich dealer in horses, arrived with a large caravan of 500 horses at Kherwara, where Hammir had camped.[6][11]
In a requirement to settle his rule, Maldev arranged for the marriage of his daughter Songari with Rana Hammir. Khiljis didn't like this matrimonial alliance and they took back Chittorgarh from Maldev and gave him Merta. This prompted Hammir to strive for expelling the Khilji's army from Mewar. Hammir and his
Conflict against the Tughluq dynasty
The Rajput bardic chronicles such as
A 1438 Jain temple inscription attests that Rana Hammir Singh forces defeated a Muslim army; this army may have been led by a general of Muhammad bin Tughluq. It is possible that subsequently, Muhammad bin Tughluq and his successors did not assert their authority in the present-day Rajasthan, and Hammir Singh's authority was recognised by other Rajput chiefs, making Mewar practically independent of the Delhi Sultanate.[16]
In popular culture
Rana Hamir is a 1925 Indian silent film about the monarch by Baburao Painter.[17]
See also
- List of Rajputs
- List of battles of Rajasthan
References
- ^ History of Rajputana, G.H. Ojha, pp. 555
- ^ Ram Vallabh Somani 1976, p. 109.
- ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
- ^ After Tamerlane: The Rise and Fall of Global Empires, 1400-2000 By John Darwin
- ^ Ram Vallabh Somani 1976, p. 107.
- ^ a b c Bahadur), Har Bilas Sarda (Diwan (1935). Speeches and Writings. Vedic Yantralaya.
- ^ Ram Vallabh Somani 1976, p. 108.
- ^ D. C. Ganguly 1957, p. 91.
- ^ Shayamldas, Vir Vinod, Part 1, pp290
- ^ Ram Vallabh Somani 1976, p. 105.
- ^ Gadhvi, Priyvrat (26 May 2020). "HISTORICAL REFERENCES TO THE HORSE IN INDIA". ResearchGate.
Influx of the Kathiawari into Mewar was historically older, and apart from Charan traders regularly trading horses (a sub-class of Charans are known as 'sauda' barhats, such as those from Soniyana village in Mewar), a big example of the coming of Kathiawari horses into Mewar and beyond is the episode of the help provided by the Charan devi Aai Varvadi to Rana Hammir singh of the Sisodia clan when he reclaimed Chittor from Maldev of Jalore (under whom it was placed by Alauddin Khilji after sack of Chittor), by sending an army of 500 Kathiawari cavalry under her son Baruji to assist Hammir Singh in retaking Chittor. This was in early 14th century.
- ^ Ram Vallabh Somani 1976, p. 106.
- ISBN 978-81-7033-859-8.
The Charans who occupied significant positions in the courts of the rulers were known as Barhats. In Mewar, the descendants of Baru Charan, who came to be known as Sauda Barhats, acquired prominence on account of Baru's timely military assistance to Hammir in regaining his lost throne.
- OCLC 685167335.
Maldeva's greatest enemy was Hammir, Rānã of Sesoda, whose grandfather Lakshman Singh had died with his seven sons including Arsi Singh, father of Hamrair, fighting in the battle of Chittor. Hammīr who had survived the memorable battle, Hammir became the Rana of Sesoda estate and constantly waged war to obtain Chittor Maldeva tried to conciliate him. He married his daughter to Hammīr and ceded certain parts of Chittor to him, but the brave Ränā was determined to regain the whole of Chittor. At last his efforts were crowned with success and after the death of Maldeva in about 1321 A.D. Hammir became master of the whole of Mewar, and assumed the title of Mahãrānā. In an inscription of Mahārānā Kumbhā's time,dated 1438 A.D.;Hammīr is said to have killed a large number of Musalmans. Hammir's descendants have ruled Mewar to the present day
- ^ Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra (1960). The History and Culture of the Indian People. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 70.
The story of Hammira's success against the Muslims cannot, therefore, be regarded as altogether baseless. We may accept the conclusion of Ojha that not only Mewar but nearly the whole of Rajputana became practically independent of Delhi Sultanate.
- ^ a b R. C. Majumdar, ed. (1960). The History and Culture of the Indian People: The Delhi Sultante (2nd ed.). Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 70.
- ISBN 978-1-135-94325-7.
Bibliography
- D. C. Ganguly (1957). "Northern India During The Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries". In OCLC 26241249.
- Ram Vallabh Somani (1976). History of Mewar, from Earliest Times to 1751 A.D. Mateshwari. OCLC 2929852.
- Ojha, G.H.. (1932). History of Rajputana, Part 2. Ajmer.
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