Maicao
Maicao
Maikau ( Arabic) | |
---|---|
Municipality and city | |
UTC-5 | |
Area code | 57 + 5 |
Climate | Aw |
Website | Official website (in Spanish) |
* |
Maicao (
The city was founded on June 27, 1927 by Colonel Rodolfo Morales and Tomás Curvelo Iguarán, on behalf of the Department of Magdalena in the middle of the
in Venezuela and the flow of contraband present in the Guajira peninsula.Etymology
The name of Maicao comes from the Wayunaiki: mai-ka-u which means "Land of the Maize.[4]
Geography
Maicao is located in the Guajira Peninsula, the northernmost part of South America and on the border of the Guajira desert.
The municipality of Maicao borders to the north with the municipalities of Uribia and Manaure; to the east with the Venezuela; to the south with the municipality of Albania and to the west with the municipality of Riohacha covering a total area of 1,782 km2 and at altitude over sea level of 52 m.
Climate
Climate in the municipality of Maicao varies from
There are typically two rainy seasons and two dry seasons. The average temperature throughout the year ranges from 27 to 29 °C (81 to 84 °F).Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.3 (86.5) |
31.3 (88.3) |
32.3 (90.1) |
32.7 (90.9) |
32.9 (91.2) |
32.9 (91.2) |
33.6 (92.5) |
34.2 (93.6) |
33.0 (91.4) |
31.8 (89.2) |
30.7 (87.3) |
30.0 (86.0) |
32.3 (90.1) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.8 (78.4) |
26.1 (79.0) |
26.7 (80.1) |
27.2 (81.0) |
27.7 (81.9) |
27.9 (82.2) |
28.1 (82.6) |
28.2 (82.8) |
27.6 (81.7) |
27.0 (80.6) |
26.5 (79.7) |
26.0 (78.8) |
27.1 (80.8) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 21.5 (70.7) |
21.8 (71.2) |
22.4 (72.3) |
23.0 (73.4) |
23.4 (74.1) |
23.7 (74.7) |
23.7 (74.7) |
23.7 (74.7) |
23.1 (73.6) |
22.5 (72.5) |
22.5 (72.5) |
21.8 (71.2) |
22.8 (73.0) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 19.3 (0.76) |
14.9 (0.59) |
20.8 (0.82) |
72.3 (2.85) |
161.1 (6.34) |
69.5 (2.74) |
42.6 (1.68) |
92.8 (3.65) |
160.7 (6.33) |
214.3 (8.44) |
215.4 (8.48) |
92.7 (3.65) |
1,176.4 (46.31) |
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 4 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 11 | 6 | 5 | 9 | 13 | 16 | 16 | 9 | 102 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
79 | 75 | 73 | 74 | 78 | 77 | 75 | 74 | 79 | 83 | 85 | 84 | 78 |
Mean daily sunshine hours | 7.2 | 6.6 | 6.0 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 6.1 | 7.0 | 6.8 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 6.0 | 6.4 | 6.1 |
Source: [5] |
History
Maicao was inhabited by the
One of the first families to settle in the area were those of José Domingo Boscán and Manuel Palacio López, who settled near the Venezuelan border between the road that connects Riohacha and Maraicaibo, in addition to the fact that this area had relatively fertile land.[6] In 1927, several wells and windmills were built in the area by a German firm.[6] In 1929, the township (Spanish: Corregimiento) of Maicao was created, following population growth.[7] By 1940, Maicao had 500 inhabitants.[6]
The indigenous Wayuu managed contraband trading routes through Maicao arriving from
Arab Migration
Due to Maicao's proximity to the Venezuelan border, it attracted a number of immigrants to the municipality, in addition to its free port characteristics, and in the 1970's it attracted a number of Arab immigrants from the Levant. In 1989, the Colombo-Arab College Dar el Arkam was created.[8] The migrants settled in the center of Maicao, where one of them, José Abuchaibe of Palestinian origin, built the largest building in the municipality, which is the Hotel Don Juan.[9] In 1997 Middle Eastern immigrants built the Mosque of Omar Ibn Al-Khattab, one of the largest mosques in South America.
Colombian armed conflict period
The
During the 1980s and 1990s the internal
In 1991 was given special customs status in 1991 in order to spur job growth. The government's intent was to allow raw materials to enter the zone untaxed, have workers there turn them into finished product, and then re-export the finished goods outside Colombia. The law allowed for a certain amount of goods to pass from Maicao into the Colombian interior, but only if they were declared to customs officials and duty was paid on them. Cigarettes however moved outside the Maicao special customs zone "duty not paid" and from there into the black market.
Maicao became subject to royalties coming from the exploitation of
Hezbollah ties
According to
The Department of Administrative Security (Departamento de Seguridad Administrativa―DAS) shut down a clandestine radio station in Maicao on August 15, 1997, for broadcasting Hezbollah propaganda, and a couple of arrests for money laundering, Maicao's Muslim community reportedly has had few contacts with the law. Nevertheless, it is known that the black market for weapons and money laundering in Maicao and neighboring Zulia State in Venezuela is well established.[12]
Hezbollah cells based within Maicao have used drug trafficking and contraband networks to launder funds that were later used to finance terrorist operations worldwide.[13]
Modern Times
On March 19, 2000 the town of Albania segregated some 425 km2 from Maicao and became a municipality. The municipality of Maicao lost a large area over the coal mine section decreasing the royalties percentage intended for the region.[11][14]
Economy
Ninety percent of Maicao's economy depends on commerce and the rest is mainly in the service sector, in addition to a small percentage in the manufacturing industry. According to statistics from the Chamber of Commerce of the Municipality it is estimated that there are 1300 registered commercial stores.[9] In 1992, the Special Customs Regime Zone of Maicao, Uribia and Manaureo was established in 1992 to regulate trade in the area.[9] One of the products grown in Maicao is Ahuyama, better known as Cucurbita moschata, this vegetable is processed into flour from this municipality and marketed in European countries.[15]
Culture
- Mosque of Omar Ibn Al-Khattab, built in September 1997, is the third largest mosque in South America. Although, Colombia is predominantly a Roman Catholic country, the region around Maicao has a large Lebanese Muslim migrant population who funded and built the mosque.
Transportation
The municipality of Maicao had one close airstrip, La Majayura Airport, which has been closed, but may reopen.[16] The city is now served by Jorge Isaacs Airport, which is located 40 kilometres (25 mi) in the southwest. It is also still a major transportation hub between Venezuela and Colombia.
Land transportation is served by a two-lane single-road highway, crossing the municipality of Maicao from
Heritage Sites
Maicao has several tourist sites such as the Monumento a la Identidad, a sculpture made by Cartagena artist Alfredo Tatis Benzo, this monument is also known as "El Abuelo de las Barbas del Maíz" (lit. 'The Grandfather of the Corn Beards') in reference to how Maicao received its name.[18] In addition there is the Plaza Bolivar of Maicao, it had a statue of Simon Bolivar that collapsed in 2021 from strong breezes, this statue had remained for more than 34 years in the square.[19] In May 2022, a new statue was put up again, this time by the artist of the municipality, Vespaciano Ruiz Pichón.[19] Another religious site in the municipality is the San José Church, which is the patron saint of the municipality.[20]
Nature Reserves
Maicao along the municipality of Albania has the Montes de Oca Natural Reserve, the reserve is in the township of Carraipía, south of Maicao.. This protected area has at least 14400 hectares, and is the source of water for part of the population of Maicao.[21] According to the Autonomous Regional Corporation of La Guajira (Spanish: Corporación Autónoma Regional de La Guajira) there are approximately 200 types of plants and 177 species of birds, Montes de Oca contain endangered forest species such as Guayacán.[21]
References
- ^ "Estimaciones de Población 1985 - 2005 y Proyecciones de Población 2005 - 2020 Total Municipal por Área (estimate)". DANE. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
- ^ Citypopulation.de Population of Maicao municipality
- ^ a b Maicao: History[permanent dead link]
- ^ Maicao: Etymology[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b "Data". www.ideam.gov.co. Retrieved 2020-06-26.
- ^ a b c Rosselli, Diego. "Los vaivenes de Maicao". Portafolio.co (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-09.
- ISBN 978-958-664-298-9.
- ISBN 978-958-784-793-2.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ ISSN 1137-7968.
- ^ (in Spanish) Los Jinetes de la Cocaina: La Mafia en Macondo
- ^ a b (in Spanish) El Pilon: Las regalías de Maicao by Salomón Kalmanovitz[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b c Library of Congress: Federal Research Division; Narcotics Funded Terrorists/Extremist Groups
- ^ "Iran and its Proxy Hezbollah: Strategic Penetration in Latin America".
- ^ (in Spanish) Gobernacion de La Guajira - Albania: generalities Archived 2007-08-13 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Maicao exporta harina de ahuyama a Holanda y Europa". La Libertad (in Spanish). 2020-08-28. Retrieved 2022-08-09.
- ^ (in Spanish) Senate of Colombia: Senador Ballesteros lidera proceso para garantizar reapertura de aeropuerto de Maicao[permanent dead link]
- ^ "- VIVA Travel Guides - Guide books and ebooks about Latin America, made in Latin America".
- ^ "Maicao presente en el turismo colombiano". Caracol Radio (in Spanish). 2019-05-24. Retrieved 2022-08-09.
- ^ a b "Alcalde Mohamad Dasuki, develó nueva estatua de Simón Bolívar, en plaza principal de Maicao". Región Caribe (in Spanish). 2022-05-10. Retrieved 2022-08-09.
- ^ González, Eira (2018-03-14). "Maicao se prepara para las fiestas patronales de San José". La Guajira Hoy (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-09.
- ^ a b Romero, Michelle (13 September 2018). "Montes de Oca, el paraíso escondido de La Guajira". El Heraldo (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-09.
External links
- (in Spanish)Maicao Official website
- (in Spanish)Gobernacion de La Guajira - Maicao