Makhzen
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Makhzen (
Etymology
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The word makhzen (
It is the origin of the Spanish and Portuguese almacén and armazém (with addition of the Arabic definite article), meaning warehouse. It was also incorporated into French and Italian as magasin (meaning 'store') and magazzino. It came into the English language from Middle French as magazine, originally referring to a storehouse for ammunition and later to publications.[2][3] With the "store" meaning, it was also adopted from French into Russian as Магазин and into Romanian as magazin.
In the Berber culture of Morocco, the Berber equivalent of mekhzen ('warehouse') would be agadir. Berber tribes also considered the agadir (warehouse of the tribe's crops and valuables) as a powerhouse guarded and managed through a legal system.
Makhzen in Morocco
The Makhzen is a very ancient notion in Morocco, it roughly coincides with the notion of the feudal state predating the French protectorate in Morocco. Bilād al-makhzen ('the land of the makhzen') was the term for the areas under central government authority, while those areas still run by tribal authority were known as bilād as-siba ('the land of dissidence').[4] Hubert Lyautey, who served as resident-general of Morocco from 1912 until 1925 during the era of the protectorate, was a fervent proponent of indirect colonisation, especially in Berber-speaking areas. Lyautey maintained the role of the Makhzen and even enhanced it by giving important roles to local notables such as Thami El Glaoui. Local notables acted as a relay between the population and the French authorities.[5]
Makhzen in Tunisia
Makhzen in Algeria
See also
- Auxiliary Forces (Mokhzani)
- Network monarchy
- List of Moroccan royal residences, often referred to as Dar al-Makhzen
References
- NOAD
- ^ "'Magazine'". Oxford Living Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. 2018. Archived from the original on May 4, 2018. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
- OCLC 1104596014.
- ISBN 978-1-317-49708-0.
- ISBN 978-1-137-29925-3.