Malagina

Coordinates: 40°31′31″N 30°06′05″E / 40.5253°N 30.1014°E / 40.5253; 30.1014
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Malagina (

Sangarius river in northern Bithynia, at least overlapping the modern territory of Pamukova.[1]

History

Malagina served as a major encampment and fortified staging area (

Asia Minor. It is first mentioned in historical sources in 798, when Empress Irene assembled an army there.[5] Other sources state that the first mention of Malagina is in a text attributed to St. Methodius, dating from the late seventh century.[6] The site was attacked by the Arabs in 798, 860 and in ca. 875.[4]

In 1145, Emperor

Laskarids.[4]

The city is last mentioned as Byzantine in 1206, when it was contested between the

Jandarid emirs of Kastamonu.[7]

Location

Although there were difficulties in precising the location of Malagina, it was facilitated by the discovery of the ruins of Metabole in 1982, by the British archeologist Clive Foss. They stood on a high and steep hill, at an elevation of 754 m, just north of the village of Paşalar [tr], in the district of Pamukova.[8]

The place has been also identified with the town of Mela by W.M. Ramsay.[9]

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 9781526710277
    . Retrieved 26 September 2023.
  2. ^ Haldon (1999), pp. 56–59
  3. ^ Haldon (1999), pp. 141–142, 150–151
  4. ^ a b c Kazhdan (1991), p. 1274
  5. ^ Matheou, Nicholas; Kampianaki, Theofili; Bondioli, Lorenzo (2016). From Constantinople to the Frontier: The City and the Cities. Leiden: Brill. pp. 260–277.
  6. S2CID 191380626
    .
  7. ^ Foss (1990), p. 174
  8. ^ Foss (1990), p. 170
  9. ISBN 978-1-10801453-3
    ), p.205

Sources

40°31′31″N 30°06′05″E / 40.5253°N 30.1014°E / 40.5253; 30.1014

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