Map Overlay and Statistical System
Developer(s) | MOSS Development Team |
---|---|
Initial release | 1979 |
Stable release | MOSS 1985
/ 1985 |
Cross-platform | |
Platform | CDC_Cyber, Data_General#Desktop_Generation, HP_9000#Series_500, IBM_PC_compatible, Emulator |
Available in | English |
Type | Geographic information system |
License | Public_domain |
Website | mossgis |
The Map Overlay and Statistical System (MOSS), is a
History
In the middle 1970s, coal-mining activities required federal agencies to evaluate the impacts of strip mine development on wildlife and wildlife habitat. They were further tasked with evaluating and making recommendations regarding habitat mitigation.[1]
In 1976, the US Fish and Wildlife Service (
"The goal of this two year project was to develop an operational capability within the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) to accept, store, manipulate, and output spatially related data for use in a variety of FWS programs." [2]
For the first six months of 1977, the project team worked on two tasks: A User Needs Assessment (Task 1) and an Inventory of Existing GIS technology (Task 2). The needs assessment involved interviewing wildlife biologists, natural resources planners, and other professionals that would be involved in wildlife habitat definition and habitat mitigation. The results of the assessment were published in the summer of 1977.[3]
Concurrently, Carl Reed did an inventory of existing public domain and commercial GIS technology. This was Task 2 of the USFWS contract: "Survey, assess, and compare existing computer software systems and geographic data bases which are relevant to FWS determined needs. This may include federal, state, and private software and data bases". Approximately 70 different mapping and
Using the user requirements as the design driver, the design of MOSS began during the summer of 1977. Once the design group, led by Carl Reed, agreed on the design, programming started. The development environment was a CDC mainframe running the Kronos operating system. Fortran IV was the development language. Graphics presentation and code development was done on a Tektronix 4010. Initial programming was completed by Carl Reed in 1978.[citation needed]
In 1978, MOSS was used in a pilot project in 1978 to test the validity of using the new MOSS software in a real world FWS habitat mitigation project. The pilot project used vector and raster map data digitized from USGS base maps, from aerial imagery, and maps provided by other agencies. The pilot project was successful and allowed additional enhancements and bug fixes to be accomplished for deploying MOSS for production use.[citation needed]
By 1979, a user-accessible version of MOSS was available on the CDC mainframe. In late 1979, the FWS purchased a Data General computer (AOS operating system) and required MOSS to be ported from the CDC mainframe to the DG minicomputer. This work was completed in the summer of 1980.[citation needed]
By the middle of 1980, the MOSS software suite was ready for production use. Once installed, operational, and properly documented at the WELUT facility in Fort Collins Colorado, an extensive technology transfer and training activity began. Within a few years, numerous other Federal agencies were using MOSS for a variety of projects. By 1983, MOSS was being used in the Bureau of Indian Affairs, multiple Bureau of Land Management state offices, the Bureau of Reclamation, National Park Service, US Army Engineering Topographic Labs, Fish and Wildlife Service, and numerous state, local and university organizations. The first MOSS users workshop was held in 1983 and had about 30 attendees. The second users workshop was held in Denver in 1984 with almost 150 attendees.[5][6][7]
An early major project, completed in 1982, was for coastal habitat analysis, change detection, and impacts of dredge disposal along the Louisiana coast. Outputs from this system were presented to the State of Louisiana Senate and House Committees on Natural Resources. The project is described in detail in a paper presented at AutoCarto 5: THE ROLE OF THE USFWS GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM IN COASTAL DECISION MAKING.[8]
In 1984, the United States Geological Survey contracted with Autometric to perform a Feasibility and Design Study for the Enhancement of MOSS. MOSS was originally designed in 1977 for implementation on a main frame computer. Many of the logical design concepts current with the state-of-the-art at that time were superseded. Research into geoprocessing methodology, evolution of the capabilities of hardware and peripherals and the number of users and diversity of applications have resulted in the need to reassess MOSS. A draft report was submitted to USGS as a preliminary description of the logical functions for an enhanced public domain geoprocessing system. [9]
Architecture
MOSS allowed the user to store both
References
- ^ "Short History of the MOSS GIS".
- ^ Federation of Rocky Mountain States. Information Systems Technical Laboratory (1978). WELUT - 02 Project : report 2200 : logical capabilities of the GIS : management summary version. Bureau of Land Management Library. Fort Collins, Colo. : Information Systems Technical Laboratory, Federation of Rocky Mountain States, Inc.
- ^ User needs assessment for an operational geographic information system /. Fort Collins, Colo. : Washington, D.C.: Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Biological Services, Western Energy and Land Use Team : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off. 1977.
- ^ Federation of Rocky Mountain States. Information Systems Technical Laboratory (1977). Comparison of selected operational capabilities of fifty-four geographic information systems. Bureau of Land Management Library.
- ^ Workshop, National MOSS Users, Proceedings of the 1985 National MOSS Users Workshop (PDF), retrieved April 30, 2024
- ^ ""Proceedings: Fifth National MOSS Users Workshop."". repository.library.noaa.gov. Retrieved April 30, 2024.
- ^ National MOSS Users Workshop (3rd : 1986 : Fort Collins, Colo ); Feagan, Tracey R.; United States Bureau of Land Management; Unitred States Fish and Wildlife Service; TGS Technology, Inc (1987). Proceedings, Third National MOSS Users Workshop : [June 2-5, 1986, Fort Collins, Colorado] / $c compiled by U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Fish and Wildlife Service, and TGS Technology, Inc. ; [Tracey R. Feagan, workshop coordinator]. Bureau of Land Management Library. Lakewood, Colo. : The Bureau.
{{cite book}}
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has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Ader, Robert; Stayner, Floyd (August 28, 1982). "THE ROLE OF THE USFWS GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM IN COASTAL DECISIONMAKING". Citeseerx. Retrieved April 30, 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Forbes, Robert (1984). Feasibility and design study for the enhancement of MOSS : draft : logical functions. Bureau of Land Management Library. Fort Collins, Colo. : Autometric, Inc.
- ^ "MOSS User's Manual" (PDF). Internet Archive. 1985. Retrieved April 29, 2024.
External links
- Gropper, Hamill, Reed, Salmen (1977). "Comparison of Selected Operational Capabilities of 54 Geographic Information Systems". Federation of Rocky Mountain States, Inc. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Carl Reed (1978). "Evaluation and Selection of Existing GIS Software for the U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE GIS" (PDF). AutoCarto 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 14, 2011.
- Reed, Hammill, Gropper, Salmen (1978). Logical Capabilities of the (USFWS) GIS.
Not available online. Available from the lead author
{{cite book}}
:|work=
ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - "MOSS User's Manual". Western Energy and Land Use Team Brochure. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. 1981.
- Second Annual MOSS Users Workshop. Denver, Colorado: United States Department of the Interior. 1985.
Not available online
{{cite book}}
:|work=
ignored (help) - Gropper, Hamill, Nez, Reed, Salmen (1977). "User Needs Assessment for an Operational GIS within the US Fish and Wildlife". Federation of Rocky Mountain States, Inc.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Further reading
- Map Overlay and Statistical System online resources from the MOSS Heritage team
- MOSS Code repository (Open Access) Zenodo, 2021 Reed, Carl N III, Katz, Sol, Frosh, Randy, Davidson, John, Hunter, Anne, & Lee, John. (2021).
- Open Source GIS history from the OSGeoFoundation