Meme (Mesopotamian goddess)
Meme | |
---|---|
Divine caregiver | |
Other names | Memešaga[1] |
Major cult center | Rakima[1] |
Meme or Memešaga was a
Name and character
The theonym written in cuneiform as dME.ME likely can be read phonetically, though according to Manfred Krebernik a degree of caution is necessary.[2] The meaning of this name is uncertain, though it is commonly suggested that it might be an example of a so-called "baby word" (Lallwort) which referred to a mother or more generically to a female caretaker.[1][3] A lexical text from Ebla explains it as u3-me-tum, possibly to be understood as a Loanword originating in Sumerian, "nursemaid".[3] Based on these lexical factors it has been proposed that Meme was regarded as a divine caregiver.[4]
The original full name of the goddess was likely Memešaga, though in the god list An = Anum Meme and Memešaga have separate entries,[3] with the latter occurring right after the former in the Ninkarrak section.[1] Irene Sibbing-Plantholt points out that the addition of the element šaga ("good"[1]) to a theonym would find a direct parallel in the name of the goddess Lammašaga.[3]
It is assumed that even though Meme eventually came to exist only as an alternate name of other goddesses, she was initially a fully independent deity.[1]
Associations with other deities
Meme was one of Mesopotamian goddesses associated with
In the god list An = Anum, the theonym Meme appears both in the Ishara and Ninkarrak sections.[2] Sibbing-Plantholt notes that these two goddesses formed a pair in other sources.[4] Further lexical lists also appear to associate Meme with Ninmug[7] and Nisaba.[2]
A deity named Meme, written dMEkà-kàME, served as the
Worship
The fact that the toponym Rakima or Rakimu is explained in two separate sources as URU.KI.ÁG.dME.ME, "the beloved city of Meme,"[1] as well as the references to a temple of Meme, are assumed to indicate that in the Early Dynastic (or possibly Old Akkadian) period she was actively worshiped and had her own cult center.[12] She is attested in a number of theophoric names from the third millennium BCE, including Ur-Meme and Ir-Meme.[6] She is also mentioned in the text known as Elegy for the death of Nawritum, where the husband of the eponymous woman searches for this goddess and a Lamma deity while mourning.[3]
Memešaga, presumed to be the same deity, was worshiped in
The worship of Meme as an individual deity ended after the
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Krebernik 1997, p. 57.
- ^ a b c d Krebernik 1997, p. 56.
- ^ a b c d e f Sibbing-Plantholt 2022, p. 154.
- ^ a b c Sibbing-Plantholt 2022, pp. 154–155.
- ^ Sibbing-Plantholt 2022, p. 14.
- ^ a b Sibbing-Plantholt 2022, p. 153.
- ^ a b c Sibbing-Plantholt 2022, p. 155.
- ^ Sibbing-Plantholt 2022, p. 87.
- ^ Krebernik 1997a, p. 365.
- ^ Litke 1998, p. 122.
- ^ Litke 1998, p. 25.
- ^ Sibbing-Plantholt 2022, pp. 153–154.
- ^ Sibbing-Plantholt 2022, pp. 160–161.
- ^ Sibbing-Plantholt 2022, pp. 155–156.
Bibliography
- Krebernik, Manfred (1997), "Meme(-šaga)", Reallexikon der Assyriologie (in German), retrieved 2022-08-17
- Krebernik, Manfred (1997a), "Mondgott A. I. In Mesopotamien", Reallexikon der Assyriologie (in German), retrieved 2022-08-17
- Litke, Richard L. (1998). A reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian god lists, AN:dA-nu-um and AN:Anu šá Ameli (PDF). New Haven: OCLC 470337605.
- Sibbing-Plantholt, Irene (2022). The Image of Mesopotamian Divine Healers. Healing Goddesses and the Legitimization of Professional Asûs in the Mesopotamian Medical Marketplace. Boston: OCLC 1312171937.