Meuse-Rhine-Issel

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Meuse-Rhine-Issel
FAO (2007): not at risk[1]: 82 
  • CGN (2020): declining[2]
  • DAD-IS (2022): not at risk[3]
    • Other names
    • Meuse-Rhine-Yssel
    • Maas-Rijn-IJssel
    • Maas-Rijn-IJsselvee
    Country of originNetherlands
    Usedairy
    Traits
    Weight
    • Female:
      700 kg[4]: 243 
    Height
    • Male:
      145 cm[4]: 243 
    • Female:
      137 cm[4]: 243 
    Coatred pied, often with little red[5]
  • Bos (primigenius) taurus
    • a lightly-built bull, almost entirely white with a few small red patches
    Breeding bull, 2007

    The Meuse-Rhine-Issel or Meuse-Rhine-Yssel (Dutch: Maas-Rijn-IJssel) is a Dutch breed of dual-purpose cattle, reared both for meat and for milk.[6][7] It falls within the Lowland-Pied group of North European cattle; it is red-pied, and of medium-large size.[8]: 45 

    History

    The Meuse-Rhine-Issel developed principally in two areas of Holland: the eastern part of the

    Meuse and Rhine flow; and the area of the river IJssel in the east, mainly in Salland and Twente in the province of Overijssel, but extending southwards into the Achterhoek of Gelderland and northwards into the province of Drenthe.[6]
    It is named for the three rivers.

    It was registered in the

    herd-book of the Nederlands Rundvee Syndicaat [nl] from 1874; it was recognised as a breed in 1905, and a separate herd-book was started.[6]

    Numbers are in steep decline: in the 1970s there were more than half a million of the cattle, representing approximately a quarter of the total number of dairy cattle in the Netherlands; numbers fell to 31000 in 1999 and to 14000 in 2004.[9]: 142 [10] In 2021 the total population reported to DAD-IS was 9938.[3] Over 925000 doses of semen are kept in cryo-conservation; they represent almost 250 bulls, of which about one-fifth are from before 1980.[7]

    In the twentieth century the Meuse-Rhine-Issel was one of the five breeds approved for

    cross-breeding with the British Dairy Shorthorn, leading to the development of the Blended Red-and-White Shorthorn and the virtual disappearance of the traditional Shorthorn breed.[11]: 16 [4]: 163  The Dutch Improved Red Pied (Dutch: Verbeterd Roodbont Vleesras) is a modern meat breed derived from dual-purpose Meuse-Rhine-Issel stock.[4]: 172  The Brandrood IJsellvee is a modern breed which preserves the old colouring of the Meuse-Rhine-Issel, dark red with little white.[4]
    : 242 

    Characteristics

    The Meuse-Rhine-Issel falls within the Lowland-Pied group of North European cattle; it is red-pied, and of medium-large size.[8]: 45 

    References

    Wikimedia Commons has media related to Maas-Rijn-IJssel.
    1. ISBN 9789251057629
      . Archived 23 June 2020.
    2. ^ [s.n.] (26 June 2020). Rassenlijst Nederlandse landbouwhuisdierrassen (in Dutch). Wageningen: Centrum voor Genetische Bronnen Nederland. Accessed May 2022.
    3. ^ a b Breed data sheet: Maas-Rijn-IJssel / Netherlands (Cattle). Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed May 2022.
    4. ^
      ISBN 9781780647944
      .
    5. ^ Maas-Rijn-IJsselvee (MRIJ) (in Dutch). Wageningen: Stichting Zeldzame Huisdierrassen. Accessed May 2022.
    6. ^ a b c Yvette de Haas, Rita Hoving-Bolink, Myrthe Maurice-van Eijndhoven, Debbie Bohte-Wilhelmus, Henk Sulkers, Sipke-Joost Hiemstra (2009). MRIJ breed assessment. Wageningen: Centre for Genetic Resources, the Netherlands = Centrum voor Genetische Bronnen Nederland. Accessed May 2022.
    7. ^ a b Henri Woelders, Ina Hulsegge, Henk Sulkers, Rita Hoving, Sipke-Joost Hiemstra (2009). Cryoconservation of cattle breeds in The Netherlands. Wageningen: Centre for Genetic Resources, the Netherlands = Centrum voor Genetische Bronnen Nederland. Accessed May 2022.
    8. ^
      ISBN 9781780642215
      , pages 33–66.
    9. doi:10.3921/9789086866977
      . Accessed May 2022.
    10. ^ Meuse-Rhine-Yssel cattle (MRY). EuReCa. Accessed May 2022.
    11. ISBN 9789054390176
      .
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