Mikó, Archbishop of Kalocsa

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Mikó
Roman Catholic

Mikó (died between 1165 and 1169) was a Hungarian prelate in the twelfth century. He was

Archbishop of Kalocsa between around 1156 and 1165. He crowned two Hungarian monarchs, Ladislaus II and Stephen IV king, because Lucas, Archbishop of Esztergom
, who considered them as usurpers, had denied to perform the ceremony.

Early career

Mikó is first mentioned by a contemporary record in 1148, when he already served as provost of the collegiate chapter of Buda. In that year, King Géza II expanded the sources of revenues for the chapter by granting significant and lucrative surrounding customs and port duties – for instance, Gézavására ("Géza's fair"), the ports of Pest and Kerepes, the fishing rights on the Danube from the port of Megyer to the royal land of Csepel Island – in the territory of present-day Budapest.[1]

Archbishop of Kalocsa

Mikó elevated into the archbishopric of Kalocsa by 1156, when he first appeared in this capacity. His last known predecessor,

Bishop of Pécs and the abbot of Pécsvárad, judged by the two archbishops, including Mikó, and their suffragan bishops. According to another non-authentic charter, Mikó hosted Géza II and several other prelates in his archiepiscopal see, Bács (present-day Bač, Serbia) on Easter 1158. The forgery claims that Géza, amidst the feast, transliterated Saint Stephen's privilege donations to the Pécsvárad Abbey (as the original document have been destroyed during a fire in 1105).[3]

Illuminated Chronicle

Géza II died on 31 May 1162. His 15-year-old son,

Archbishop of Esztergom (as Walter Map's De nugis curialium noted, Mikó "had no authority for such a coronation"). Historian Ferenc Makk considered that the rivalry between the metropolitan sees of Esztergom and Kalocsa, beside the latter's territorial proximity to the Byzantine frontier, also contributed to Mikó's defection to the court of Ladislaus II.[6] Shortly thereafter, Lucas was imprisoned, thus Mikó became de facto head of the Roman Catholic Church in Hungary.[7][8] During the succession disputes, the two archbishops of Hungary, Lucas and Mikó never failed to take opposition sides in the factional fights.[6]

Ladislaus II died within six months, on 14 January 1163. His younger brother, Stephen IV succeeded him. Archbishop Mikó once again performed his coronation ceremony on 27 January, because Lucas of Esztergom refused to crown him.[8] Stephen's only preserved charter from the same year mentions Mikó as a faithful member of his royal court. His suffragans – for instance, Nicholas of Várad – also swore loyalty to the anti-king.[9] Stephen IV remained unpopular among the Hungarian lords, enabling his nephew to muster an army. In the decisive battle, which was fought at Székesfehérvár on 19 June 1163, the younger Stephen routed his uncle, forcing him once again to flee Hungary.[10] Shortly thereafter, Archbishop Mikó reconciled with Stephen III and swore fealty to the returning monarch, who applied no sanctions against Mikó.[6] In response, Emperor Manuel invaded Hungary with his army, which also advanced into the prelate's see, Bács during one of the military operations.[10] According to historian Gyula Pauler, Stephen III sent Archbishop Mikó, alongside others, to the Byzantine court to negotiate the peace with Emperor Manuel in 1165.[6] Mikó is last mentioned as a living person in that year. It is plausible that he died before 1169, when his successor Chama was first referred to as Archbishop of Kalocsa.[11]

Notes

  1. ^ Udvardy 1991, p. 61.
  2. ^ Zsoldos 2011, p. 83.
  3. ^ a b Udvardy 1991, p. 62.
  4. ^ Makk 1989, p. 79.
  5. ^ Makk 1989, p. 93.
  6. ^ a b c d Makk 1989, p. 164.
  7. ^ Makk 1989, pp. 79–82.
  8. ^ a b Makk 1994, p. 457.
  9. ^ Makk 1989, pp. 94, 157.
  10. ^ a b Udvardy 1991, p. 64.
  11. ^ Zsoldos 2011, p. 84.

Sources

  • Makk, Ferenc (1989). The Árpáds and the Comneni: Political Relations between Hungary and Byzantium in the 12th century (Translated by György Novák). Akadémiai Kiadó.
    ISBN 963-05-5268-X
    .
  • Makk, Ferenc (1994). "Mikó". In Kristó, Gyula; Engel, Pál; Makk, Ferenc (eds.). Korai magyar történeti lexikon (9–14. század) [Encyclopedia of the Early Hungarian History (9th–14th centuries)] (in Hungarian). Akadémiai Kiadó. p. 457.
    ISBN 963-05-6722-9
    .
  • Udvardy, József (1991). A kalocsai érsekek életrajza (1000–1526) [Biographies of Archbishops of Kalocsa, 1000–1526] (in Hungarian). Görres Gesellschaft.
  • Zsoldos, Attila (2011). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1000–1301 [Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1000–1301] (in Hungarian). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete.
    ISBN 978-963-9627-38-3
    .
Catholic Church titles
Preceded by
Simon (?)
Archbishop of Kalocsa
1156–1165 		Succeeded by
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