Montenero (Livorno)

Santuario della Madonna delle Grazie di Montenero.^[3]

the Devil), it later assumed the current denomination "Montenero" or "Monte Nero" (Black Mountain) due to the a thick forest which scared the travellers.^[4][5] Administered directly by the "Capitanato" of Livorno in the 17th century,^[6] it was a compulsory passage for people travelling from Livorno to the south, Grosseto and Rome, until the creation, in the end of the 19th century of the coastal road.^[7]

funicular railway, linking the lower part (Montenero Basso) to the higher part (Montenero Alto), of the length of 656 m, which was renovated in 1979 and carries approximately 250,000 passengers per year.^{[8][9][10][11]}