Mr.
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Mister, usually written in its contracted form Mr. or Mr,
The modern plural form is Misters[
Historical etiquette
Historically, mister was applied only to those above one's own status if they had no higher title such as Sir or my lord in the English class system. That understanding is now obsolete, as it was gradually expanded as a mark of respect to those of equal status and then to all men without a higher style.
In the 19th century and earlier in Britain, two gradations of "gentleman" were recognised; the higher was entitled to use "
In past centuries, Mr was used with a first name to distinguish among family members who might otherwise be confused in conversation: Mr Doe would be the eldest present; younger brothers or cousins were then referred to as Mr Richard Doe and Mr William Doe and so on. Such usage survived longer in family-owned business or when
Professional titles
Mr is sometimes combined with certain titles (Mr President, Mr Speaker, Mr Justice, Mr
Medicine
In the United Kingdom, Ireland and in some
Military usage
In the
In the
In the British Armed Forces a subaltern is often referred to by his surname and the prefix Mister by both other ranks and more senior commissioned officers, e.g. "Report to Mister Smythe-Jones" rather than "Report to 2nd Lieutenant Smythe-Jones".
Judges
In the courts of England and Wales, Judges of the High Court are called, for example, Mr Justice Crane unless they are entitled to be addressed as Lord Justice. Where a forename is necessary to avoid ambiguity it is always used, for example Mr Justice Robert Goff to distinguish from a predecessor Mr Justice Goff. The female equivalent is Mrs Justice Hallett, not Madam Justice Hallett. When more than one judge is sitting and there is need to be specific, the form of address is My Lord, Mr Justice Crane. High Court Judges are entitled to be styled with the prefix The Honourable while holding office: e.g., the Honourable Mr Justice Robert Goff. In writing, such as in the law reports, the titles "Mr Justice" or "Mrs Justice" are both abbreviated to a "J" placed after the name. For example, Crane J would be substituted for Mr Justice Crane.[7] Female judges are still properly addressed "My Lord", but "My Lady" is acceptable in modern usage.[citation needed]
The Chief Justice of the United States may be referred to as either "Mr Chief Justice", or "Chief Justice". For example, "Mr Chief Justice Roberts" or "Chief Justice Roberts".
Catholic clerics
Among
The use of the title "Father" for parish clergy became customary around the 1820s.A diocesan seminarian is correctly addressed as "Mr", and once
Permanent
Other usages
- "Mister" can also be used in combination with another word to refer to someone who is regarded as the personification of, or master of, a particular field or subject, especially in the fields of popular entertainment and sports.[clarification needed]
- In calcio to English-rules association football by British sailors, who would have been the first coaches.[11]
- In the old Dutch title system the title "Mr" is used for a Master of Laws (LLM).
See also
Notes
- ^ Pronounced /ˈmɛsərz/ in English,[2][3] and [mesjø] in French.[2] The French, however, do not abbreviate messieurs as Messrs but as MM. In India, one often finds messieurs abbreviated as M/S or M/s, especially as a prefix to the name of a firm.[4]
- ^ Religious or regular clergy belong to institutes of religion and so follow the rule of the order, and lead a life in community. Secular clergy are ordained, but do not live by a rule or lead a life "in common".
References
- ^ a b "Mr". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
- ^ a b c "Messrs.". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
- ^ Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. "Messrs." Merriam-Webster (Springfield, 2015.
- ^ Sengupta, Sailesh. Business and Managerial Communication, p. 278 (PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., 2011).
- ^ a b "messieurs". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
- ^ "Qualifications of a Surgeon". Royal College of Surgeons. n.d. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
- ISBN 0-905649-18-4.
- ^ Bevak, Jon-Paul (1 July 2022). "Father's Column - July 2022". The Cincinnati Oratory. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
- ^ Keefe, Kate (8 August 2022). "Addressing a priest as 'father' when he is so much younger than you are". The Tablet. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
- ^ USCCB, National Directory for the Formation, Ministry and Life of Permanent Deacons in the United States §88. Washington: 2005.
- ^ "A–Z of Italian Football". fourfourtwo.com. Archived from the original on 29 September 2010. Retrieved 6 July 2010.