Muhammad bin Khalifa Al Khalifa

Muhammad bin Khalifa Al Khalifa (محمد بن خليفة بن سلمان آل خليفة; died 1890) was the

Muhammad signed a treaty with the British in 1856 whereby he guaranteed that he would capture the British vessels carrying war slaves in his territories and to ban his or his subjects' vessels from carrying slaves.[7] In 1860 Muhammad asked the Persians to be the protector of his reign due to the restrictions on his actions imposed by the British due the treaty mentioned above, and his proposal was welcomed by them, but was not materialized.^[6][8] Muhammad and his brother Ali was forced by the British Resident, Commander Felix Jones to sign a convention, and the convention effectively integrated Bahrain into the Trucial System in 1861.^[6]

Muhammad abdicated as a result of the British intervention after an alleged violation of the 1861 convention which prevented him from carrying out maritime depredations.

In 1888 Muhammad was freed from the Indian prison and brought to Mecca where he lived as a pensioner of the Ottomans until his death in 1890.^[9]

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