Mukhamedzhan Tynyshpaev
This article includes a improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (February 2020) ) |
Muhammedjan Tynyshbayev Muhammedjan Tynyshbaıuly Мұхаммеджан Тынышбайұлы تينيشبايولي محمدجان | |
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Alash Orda | |
Movement | Alash Orda and Kokand Autonomy |
Spouse(s) | Gulbakhram Shalymbekova (d. 1923 of cholera), Aziza Shalymbekova, Amina Tynyshpaeva |
Muhammedjan Tynyshpaev (
Early life and education
Muhammedjan Tynyshbayev was born in 1879 to a
Political career
Before graduating, in the winter of 1905-1906, his actions among the young Kadets had earned the attention of the government. Tynyshpaev intended to return home to the Almaty region as usual for the holidays, but received a warning that he would be arrested upon his arrival. He remained in St. Petersburg and evaded arrest.
In the final decades of the Russian Empire, Tynyshpaev surveyed and planned railway lines, while also writing as a correspondent for several radical publications: Syn Otechestva, Rech’, Radikal, Russkii Turkestan, and most famously, as one of the founding contributors of Qazaq, which acted as the official party organ for the
In May 1906, he graduated and entered civil service immediately, and that same year was active on the
He was connected at the time with other Kazakh political figures:
Transition to Soviet life
In 1921, in part thanks to his friendship with the highly placed Turar Ryskulov, Tynyshpaev was appointed the head of the Department of Water Resources of the People’s Commissariat of Turkestan, and moved to Tashkent. The following year he was appointed to the same position in Chimkent. It was there that he lost his first wife, Gulbakhram Shalymbekova, to cholera. Her brother also perished in the cholera outbreak, so that Tynyshpaev, following his family's wishes and Kazakh tradition, married his newly widowed sister-in-law, Aziza Shalymbekova.
In 1924, Tynyshpaev returned to Tashkent, where he took a teaching position at the Kazakh Pedagogical Institute, teaching physics and mathematics. There he began his brief, but intense, period of scholarly output. In 1925, he was offered as a post of the Chief Engineer for the improvement of the new capital of Kazakh ASSR,
On March 1, 1926, he went to Almaty and began to work as the head of the road department of Semirechensk province, a paved road of Almaty - Bishkek was built. Tynyshpaev also conducted a research on the construction of the road Almaty - Taldykorgan, he also proposed a new version of the road Almaty - Horgos.
Tynyshpaev returned to the railway in the late 1920s, connected with the massive
Tynyshpaev was also involved in construction of
Arrests and execution
Despite their peaceful entrance into the Soviet Union, hardly any of Tynyshpaev's early
His work and legacy
Tynyshpaev’s scholarly output was not particularly large, but he produced all of it in the space of about five years. Tynyshpaev worked at the time as a professor of mathematics and physics at a pedagogical institute in Tashkent, training a new cadre of teachers among the indigenous population – in the case of this school, the students were primarily Kazakh. This was first time that Tynyshpaev lived in the same general area for more than three years – his previous employment with the railways had taken him to nearly every populated area in Central Asia.
A large portion of his scholarly output consisted of articles focusing on city ruins, cemeteries, mounds, and other sites which had attracted his attention while working the railroad. Tynyshpaev had no training in archaeology or history. Tynyshpaev wrote about the history of the Kazakhs from a genealogical perspective, lecturing for the Turkestan chapter of the Russian Geographical Society. It was under their auspices that Tynyshpaev published several major articles, including his two most influential works:
- Materially k istorii Kirgizkazakskogo naroda, 1925 (Materials for the history of the Kirgiz-Kazak people)
- Ak-Taban-Shubryndy: Velikie bedstviia i velikie pobedy kazakov, 1927 (Ak-Taban-Shubryndy: The Great Disaster and Great Victory of the Kazaks)
These two works relied heavily on two general sources of data: (one) Russian language scholarship of the nineteenth century, primarily the publications of Muhammed Qanafiya Walikhanov, Aleksei Levshin, and V. V. Barthold, and (two) informants of oral history, though there has been some scholarship concerning the actual personalities involved in this second process.
Apart from new ethnographic material and archaeologically descriptive pieces of ruins near railway lines, Tynyshpaev’s direct impact on the body of Kazakh historiography was minimal. However, his legacy in Kazakh historiography is gigantic, particularly since the end of the Soviet Union.
Tynyshpaev was survived by his son Daulet Sheikh Ali (born 1931), his grandchildren, and his great grandchildren.
References
- Matsuzato, Kimitaka, ed. (1998). "The Geography of Civilizations: A Spatial Analysis of the Kazakh Intelligentsia's Activities, from the Mid-Nineteenth to the Early Twentieth Century". Regions: A Prism to View the Slavic Eurasian World Towards a Discipline of "Regionology.".
- Tynyshpaev, M. (1927). "Ak-taban-shubryndy: Velikie bedstvie i velikie pobedy kazakov". In Schmidt, A.E.; Betget, E.K. (eds.). In V. V. Bartol'du: Turkestanskie druz'ia ucheniki i pochitateli. Tashkent. pp. 57–68.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Taizhanova, G., ed. (2001). Izbrannoe. Tangdamaly. (Collected Works). Almaty: Arys.
- Otzyv o trude A. P. Chuloshnikova po istorii Kazak-kirgizskogo naroda. Kyzyl-Orda: Obshchestvo izucheniia Kazakhstana. 1926.
- Istoriia Kazakhskogo Naroda. (Collected Works). Almaty: Sanat. 2009.
- Materially k istorii Kirgiz kazakskogo naroda. Tashkent: Vostochnoe Otdelevie Kirgiskogo Gosydarstvennogo Izdatel'stva. 1925.
External links
- Tynyshpaev's Ak-taba-shubryndy Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine article, English translation
- Biography of Tynyshpaev Archived May 28, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Russian-language