National Observatory (Brazil)
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Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil | |
Coordinates | 22°53′43″S 43°13′29″W / 22.8953°S 43.2246°W |
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Established | 15 October 1827 |
Website | on |
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The National Observatory (
The institute is responsible for the Brazilian Official Time and performs various researches and studies in astronomy, astrophysics and geophysics. It offers postgraduate courses leading to master's and doctorate degree.
History
There has been astronomical observation in Brazil since the colonial times. According to Father Serafim Leite, the
On September 27, 1827, the General Assembly Legislative Empire, authorized the government to create an Astronomical Observatory under the Ministry of the Empire, and October 15, 1827, the Emperor
Between 1846 and 1850, the Director of the Observatory Soulier moved again, this time to the former premises of a church in Castle Hill, where he remained until 1920 After the death of Soulier in 1850, Lieutenant Colonel Engineer Antonio Manoel de Mello, also a professor at the Military Academy, was named director, remaining in office until 1865, when it was replaced by Lieutenant Commander Anthony Joaquim Cruvelo d'Avila. That same year, the Observatory became subordinate Central School, which was spun off from Military School, remaining in that condition until 1871, when the Administrative Commission of the Imperial Observatory of Rio de Janeiro was created. It was named for the French scientist Emmanuel direction Liais, remaining in her direction by two management periods, from January to July 1871 and from 1874 to 1881 Between 1871 and 1874, Maria Camilo Ferreira Armond, Viscount Meadows, was ahead direction.
Between 1827 and 1871, the Observatory has been almost exclusively focused on the education of students of military schools land and sea. In the year 1871, was removed from the military umbrella and reorganized to devote himself exclusively to research, and service to society in the fields of meteorology, astronomy, geophysics, and the measurement of time and the determination of time. The Belgian astronomer and military engineer
On September 28, 1913, was signed the Minutes of the foundation stone of the new National Observatory on the Colina de São Januário (Hill of São Januário), in Rio de Janeiro. In 1915, we implemented the Magnetic Observatory Brooms in Rio de Janeiro, today integrated into the structure of ON. In 1921, Directorate of Meteorology had separated the two areas that composed it, giving rise to two institutes: one devoted to meteorology, called Directorate of Meteorology, and another to astronomy, geophysics and metrology, which retained the name National Observatory. That year, he received a visit from Albert Einstein, during his stay in Brazil. In 1922, the NB was transferred from Castle Hill, current Esplanada do Castelo, to the Hill of São Januário, in Saint Kitts, where he currently is still installed. It was the end of a demand initiated by Liais, fifty years before, adequate facilities for the Observatory.
In 1930, the National Observatory became part of the newly created
In 1972,
In 2003 was inaugurated the new premises of ON's Service Time, in Building Carlos Lacombe campus. In May 2004, ON started another service, the Time Stamp.
Notable discoveries and research
In January, 1997, astronomer Duília de Mello discovered SN 1997D, a peculiar type-II supernova.[2]
Division of Hour Services
The National Observatory Division of Hour Services (DSO in Portuguese) is, according to Brazilian law, the only institution designated to generate, keep and disseminate the Brazilian Legal Time.[3] The DSO operates the PPE radio station, broadcasting Brazilian legal time on the frequencies 10 MHz, 166.53 MHz and 171.13 MHz.[4]
See also
References
- ^ pt:Observatório Nacional
- ISSN 0081-0304.
- ^ "Tempo e Frequência". Observatório Nacional. Retrieved 2020-04-09.
- ^ "Rádio-Difusão de Sinais Horários". Observatório Nacional. Retrieved 2020-04-09.