Neutrality of money
Neutrality of money is the idea that a change in the
When neutrality of money coincides with zero population growth, the economy is said to rest in steady-state equilibrium.[2]: 41–43
Superneutrality of money is a stronger property than neutrality of money. It holds that not only is the real economy unaffected by the level of the money supply but also that the rate of money supply growth has no effect on real variables. In this case, nominal wages and prices remain proportional to the nominal money supply not only in response to one-time permanent changes in the nominal money supply but also in response to permanent changes in the growth rate of the nominal money supply. Typically superneutrality is addressed in the context of long-run models.[3]
History of the concept
According to
Views and counterviews
Many economists maintain that money neutrality is a good approximation for how the economy behaves over long periods of time but that in the short run
Neutrality of money has been a central question for
The New Keynesian research program in particular emphasizes models in which money is not neutral in the short run, and therefore monetary policy can affect the real economy.
Reasons for departure from superneutrality
Even if money is neutral, so that the level of the money supply at any time has no influence on real magnitudes, money could still be non-superneutral: the growth rate of the money supply could affect real variables. A rise in the monetary growth rate, and the resulting rise in the inflation rate, lead to a decline in the real return on narrowly defined (zero-nominal-interest-bearing) money. Therefore, people choose to re-allocate their asset holdings away from money (that is, there is a decrease in real
See also
- Real versus nominal value (economics)
- Money illusion
- Veil of money
- Classical dichotomy
- Quantity theory of money
Notes
- ^ Patinkin, Don (1987), Neutrality of Money, Palgrave
- ISBN 9780262013772.
- ^ Stefan Homburg (2015). Superneutrality of Money under Open Market Operations, IDEAS. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
- ^ See David Laidler (1992). "Hayek on Neutral Money and the Cycle," UWO Department of Economics Working Papers #9206. and Roger Garrison & Israel Kirzner. (1987). "Friedrich August von Hayek," John Eatwell, Murray Milgate, and Peter Newman, eds. The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics London: Macmillan Press Ltd., 1987, pp. 609–614
- ^ See the Google NGRAM for 'neutral money'
- ^ The Collected Writings, vol 13, pp. 408–411
- ISBN 978-3-319-17578-2.
- .
- ^ Fried, Joel; Howitt, Peter. "The effects of inflation on real interest rates". 73 (December 1983). American Economic Review: 968–980.
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References
- 287.
- Friedrich Hayek (1931) Prices and Production. London: G. Routledge & Sons.
- Friedrich Hayek (1933 in German). "On 'Neutral Money'," in F. A. Hayek. Money, Capital, and Fluctuations: Early Essays, edited by Roy McCloughry, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1984.
- David Laidler (1992). "Hayek on Neutral Money and the Cycle," UWO Department of Economics Working Papers #9206.
- Roger Garrison & Israel Kirzner. (1987). "Friedrich August von Hayek," John Eatwell, Murray Milgate, and Peter Newman, eds. The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics London: Macmillan Press Ltd., 1987, pp. 609–614