Non-paternity event

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

In

gene mutations
or scoring errors.

Overall, the incidence of misattributed parentage experiences ranges from about 0.4% to 5.9%,

hereditary illnesses
.

Definitions and uses

The term nonpaternity event was first used in 2000 in a study of the surname "Skyes" and the Y-chromosome haplotype to denote if non-Skyes males had been introduced into the family line.

in vitro fertilization and artificial insemination.[1]

In

Y-chromosome and the surname. Such a breakage may occur because of formal or informal adoption, premarital or extramarital intercourse or rape; a woman raising a grandchild as her own to cover for her unwed daughter's pregnancy or when individuals use a different surname than their biological father, such as their mother's maiden name, a stepfather's name, the use of aliases or a legal name change.[5]

Testing for non-paternity

Further information: DNA paternity testing

The most reliable test for paternity is

gene mutations, or genotyping errors (when a genotype is misread or inaccurately scored). There is a higher probability of accuracy when DNA from both parents can be tested. The accuracy increases even more when DNA from a sibling is available.[6]

Rates of non-paternity

Typical births

It is difficult to accurately estimate the incidence of misattributed paternity, and there have been large discrepancies in the research published on the topic. Often, data on non-paternity rates are reported tangentially to the primary goal of research without sufficient detail, and very few studies involve randomized samples. As such, it is not possible to make valid generalizations based on a large portion of the available literature.[7] Bellis et al. (2005) found that between 1950 and 2004, the rates of misattributed paternity published in scientific journals ranged from 0.8% to 30% with a median of 3.7%.[1] According to a study published in the Lancet, "High rates have been quoted, but are often unsupported by any published evidence or based on unrepresentative population samples."[7]

evolutionary psychologists.[10][11] He traced many of those overestimates back to a 1972 conference at which non-paternity rates as high as 30% were discussed.[12] Gilding states that those data show only the incidence of non-paternity in which disputed parentage was the reason for paternity testing.[1][13] In situations that disputed parentage was the reason for the paternity testing, there were higher levels with an incidence of 17% to 33% (median of 26.9%). Most at risk of parental discrepancy were those born to younger parents, to unmarried couples and those of lower socio-economic status or from certain ethnic and cultural groups.[1]

Atypical multiple births

Main article:
heteropaternal superfecundation

Rarely, genetic testing has revealed children from

heteropaternal superfecundation." One study estimated that the incidence of bipaternal twins born to white women in the United States is around one pair in 400.[14] Another study found the prevalence to be approximately one pair in 13,000 cases.[15]

See also

References

  1. ^
    PMID 16100312
    .
  2. S2CID 236159135
    .
  3. ^ Sykes, B., & Irven, C. (2000). Surnames and the Y chromosome. American journal of human genetics, 66(4), 1417–1419. https://doi.org/10.1086/302850.
  4. PMID 17664309
    .
  5. ^ Bopp, Georgia K. (2006), Non-Paternal Event (NPE)
  6. S2CID 37489604
  7. ^
    S2CID 41787746
    .
  8. ^ Rincon P (11 February 2009). "Study debunks illegitimacy 'myth'". BBC News. Retrieved 11 February 2009.
  9. PMID 19204044
  10. ^ Gilding, Michael (2005). "Rampant misattributed paternity: the creation of an urban myth". People and Place. 13 (12). Monash University: 1–11.
  11. S2CID 145367552
    .
  12. OCLC 150487081
    .
  13. ^ Gilding, Michael (26 July 2011). "The fatherhood myth: Michael Gilding unravels the uncertain data about mistaken paternity". The inside story. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
  14. S2CID 10367392
  15. doi:10.1016/j.fsigss.2015.10.007
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