Obstetric labor complication

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Obstetric labor complication
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An obstetric labor complication is a difficulty or abnormality that arises during the process of labor or delivery.

The

neonatal and maternal death rates.[1]

Types

Amniotic fluid embolism

An

obstetric) emergency in which amniotic fluid enters the blood stream of the mother to trigger a serious reaction. This reaction then results in cardiorespiratory (heart and lung) collapse and massive bleeding (coagulopathy).[2][3][4]

Bleeding

Obstetrical bleeding is the leading cause of death in birthing mothers globally, especially in the developing world. Heavy blood loss may lead to hypovolemic shock, insufficient perfusion of vital organs and death if not rapidly treated. Blood transfusion may be life-saving. Causes of heavy bleeding during labour include placental abruption and uterine rupture.

Umbilical cord prolapse

Main article: Umbilical cord prolapse

Umbilical cord prolapse occurs when the

cesarean section, though even then it will not always be evident at time of procedure.[5]

Obstructed labour

Main article: Obstructed labour

The second stage of labour may be delayed or lengthy due to poor or uncoordinated uterine action, an abnormal uterine position such as breech or shoulder dystocia, and cephalopelvic disproportion (a small pelvis or large infant). Prolonged labour may result in maternal exhaustion, fetal distress, and other complications including obstetric fistula.[6]

Placental abruption

Main article: Placental abruption

Placental abruption is separation of the placenta from the uterus. Treatment of placental abruption during labour is immediate delivery if the fetus is mature (36 weeks or older), or if a younger fetus or the mother is in distress.[citation needed]

Premature labour

Main article: Preterm birth

Premature labour is labour that spontaneously occurs earlier than 37 weeks

gestational age
.

Nuchal cord

Main article: Nuchal cord

A nuchal cord is a complication that occurs when the umbilical cord becomes wrapped around the fetal neck.

Perinatal asphyxia

Main article: Perinatal asphyxia

brain damage is of most concern and the least likely to quickly or completely heal.[7] Treatment is immediate delivery (C-section). Causes of perinatal asphyxia include umbilical cord prolapse, nuchal cord, and obstructed labour
.

Mechanical fetal injury

Risk factors for fetal birth injury include

Klumpke's paralysis.[8]

Uterine rupture

Main article: Uterine rupture

A uterine rupture is a serious event during

broad ligament. A uterine rupture is a life-threatening event for both mother and baby as it typically results in severe hemorrhage and can cause perinatal asphyxia
.

References

  1. ^ Levi, J.; Kohn, D.; Johnson, K. (June 2011). "Healthy Women, Healthy Babies: How health reform can improve the health of women and babies in America" (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Trust for America's Health. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-06-24. Retrieved 2013-08-29.
  2. PMID 17921014
    .[subscription required]
  3. ISBN 9781119039099
    .
  4. ISBN 9780071765626
    .
  5. S2CID 26784072
    .
  6. ISBN 9789241546669. Archived
    (PDF) from the original on 2015-02-21.
  7. PMID 17426984
    .
  8. ISBN 978-0-443-01011-8
    .

External links

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