Ok Tedi environmental disaster
The Ok Tedi environmental disaster caused severe harm to the environment along 1,000 km (620 mi) of the Ok Tedi River and the Fly River in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea between around 1984 and 2013 and ongoing. The lives of 50,000 people have been disrupted. One of the worst environmental disasters caused by humans, it is a consequence of the discharge of about two billion tons of untreated mining waste into the Ok Tedi from the Ok Tedi Mine, an open pit mine situated in the province.
This mining pollution, caused by the collapse of the Ok Tedi
Environmental impact
In 1999, BHP reported that 90 million tons of mine waste was annually discharged into the river for more than ten years and destroyed downstream villages, agriculture and fisheries. Mine wastes were deposited along 1,000 km (620 mi) of the Ok Tedi and the Fly River below its confluence with the Ok Tedi, and over an area of 100 km2 (39 sq mi). BHP's CEO, Paul Anderson, said that the Ok Tedi Mine was "not compatible with our environmental values and the company should never have become involved."[1] As of 2006[update], mine operators continued to discharge 80 million tons of tailings, overburden, and mine-induced erosion into the river system each year. About 1,588 km2 (613 sq mi) of forest has died or is under stress. As many as 3,000 km2 (1,200 sq mi) may eventually be harmed, an area equal to the U.S. state of Rhode Island or the Danish island of Funen.[2]
Following heavy rainfall, mine tailings are swept into the surrounding rainforest, swamps, and creeks, and have left behind 30 km2 of dead forest. Thick gray sludge from the mine is visible throughout the Fly River system, although its effects downriver are not as severe.[3] Chemicals from the tailings killed or contaminated fish, although they are still eaten by the people of the surrounding villages. However, fish counts decrease closer to the mine. The massive amount of mine-derived waste dumped into the river exceeded its carrying capacity. This dumping resulted in the river bed being raised by 10 m, causing a relatively deep and slow river to become shallower and develop rapids, thereby disrupting indigenous transportation routes.[4] Flooding, caused by the raised riverbed, left a thick layer of contaminated mud on the flood plain among plantations of taro, bananas, and sago palm that are the staples of the local diet. About 1300 km2 were damaged in this way. The concentration of copper in the water is about 30 times above the standard level, but it is below the World Health Organization standards.[5]
The original plans included an Environmental Impact Statement that required a
Most of Papua New Guinea's land is held under a system of
There are no waste retention facilities on the premises. This allowed all ore processing residues, waste rock, and overburden to be discharged into the Ok Tedi River.[6]
Aftermath
In the 1990s the communities of the lower
The Ok Tedi Mine was scheduled to close in 2013.[8] However, the PNG Government has taken over control of the mine and with support of local community, the mine life was extended.[9][10] Until the future closure, two thirds of the profits are to go into a long-term fund to enable the mine to continue to contribute to the PNG economy for up to half a century after it closes. The balance is allocated to current development programs in the local area (Western Province) and PNG more generally. Experts have predicted that it will take 300 years to clean up the toxic contamination.[11]
Mine Life Extension and Community Support
In 2013, the PNG Government seized 100% ownership of Ok Tedi Mine[12] and repealed laws that would allow people to sue mining giant BHP Billiton over environmental damage. BHP expressed confidence, stating that it had other indemnities in place that protected shareholders from future legal costs.[13] Ok Tedi Mining launched the OT2025 project that was focused on transitioning the business to a smaller operation in preparation for Mine Life Extension.
Community consent for the mine's life to be extended to 2025 was endorsed by the Mine Associated Communities, which is made up of 156 villages, through the signing of the respective Community Mine Continuation Extension Agreements by the Community representatives and OTML at the end of 2012 and beginning of 2013. The signing of the Agreements facilitated the Company to commence planning for the MLE project throughout 2013.[14]
See also
References
- ^ Burton, Bob (13 August 1999). "BHP admits Ok Tedi mine is environmental disaster". Asia Times Online. Archived from the original on 25 September 2000. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
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: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Key Statistics". Ok Tedi Mining. Archived from the original on 20 August 2006. Retrieved 17 September 2006.
- .
- S2CID 129650097.
- ^ Marychurch, Judith; Natalie Stoianoff (4–7 July 2006). "Blurring the Lines of Environmental Responsibility: How Corporate and Public Governance was Circumvented in the Ok Tedi Mining Limited Disaster" (pdf). Australasian Law Teachers Association – Refereed Conference Papers. Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
- S2CID 129650097.
- ISBN 0-8047-5342-3. Archived from the originalon 2011-06-11. Retrieved 2007-05-10.
- ^ "Mine Closure Planning". Ok Tedi Mining. Archived from the original on 7 February 2012. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
- ^ "PNG to take over Ok Tedi". MiningNews.Net. Aspermont Ltd. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
- ^ "Ok Tedi's interested parties". PNG Industry News. Aspermot Ltd. 12 February 2014. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
- ^ "Villagers sue BHP Billiton for $5bn". The Age. Fairfax Media. 20 January 2007. Retrieved 4 February 2007.
- ^ "BREAKING NEWS: PNG Govt seizes Ok Tedi". PNG Industry News. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
- ^ "PNG Report – Bhp "Confident" Despite Threat Of Ok Tedi Legal Action". PNG Report. Retrieved 2018-11-07.
- ^ Garrett, Jemima (10 February 2014). "Community control of Ok Tedi mine assets welcomed in Papua New Guinea's Western Province". Australia Network News. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
External links
- Ok Tedi Mining
- Mineral Policy Institute – Cracks in the Facade of BHP's exit from Ok Tedi Mining Disaster Appear (22 Jan 2007)