Pallanganmiddang people
The Pallanganmiddang, otherwise known as the Waywurru, were an
Name
-midhang/-middang (mittang) occurs as an ethnonym-marking suffix attached to several tribal and clan names in the area.[2] It may be the equivalent of the more southerly Kulin term –wurrung, "mouth/speech".[3] A. W. Howitt's map of the area refers to a Balaung Karar group, where Balaung may be an echo of Pallang- in the Pallanganmiddang ethnonym.[4]
Language
Country
Robert Smyth's 1878 map located a PallunganMiddah group southeast of Wodonga, in the area of Tangambalanga about the terrain of the northern Kiewa River and Tallangatta around the Mitta Mitta River. Howitt's mention[10] of a Balaung Karar group to the south-west of Wodonga has been taken, by Barry Blake, as a reference to (Balaung/Pallungan) to the same people.[4]
Society
The Pallanganmiddang, in part at least, appear to have adopted the Kulin patrimoiety system with its eaglehawk (Puntyil) –crow (Waang/waa)[a] moieties.[9] This division, meaning that names were inherited through the father rather than the mother was a characteristic of Central Victorian Aboriginal culture, but deviated from the general norm in South-East Australia.[11] Diane Barwick identified at least two clans, who used the Kulin terms rather than the corresponding Pallanganmiddang terminology (warrimu/berontha) to denote their respective moieties, a fact that suggests they intermarried with the contiguous southern and western Kulin groups.
- Yowung-illam-balluk[b] in the Mount Buffalo area, forming an eaglehawk moiety
- 'Warrarak-balluk in the district of Wangaratta, constituting a crow moiety (waa).[12][13]
History of contact
The earliest possible reference to this group might be a mention in the papers of George Augustus Robinson, Victorian Protector of Aborigines in the 1840s, to the Pal-ler a miiter.[4]
Some words
- bawa – dog
- berontha – crow[14]
- karda – crayfish[15]
- narra – wild dog[14]
- warrantha – white man[16]
- warrimu – eaglehawk
Notes
- ^ Also written more in older sources Bunjil-Waang- (Koch, Hercus & Kelly 2018, pp. 154ff.)
- ^ balak a clan-marking suffix in Kulin languages. (Clark 2009, p. 210)
Citations
- ^ Blake & Reid 2002, pp. 177–210.
- ^ Blake & Reid 2002, p. 180.
- ^ Clark 2009, p. 210.
- ^ a b c Blake & Reid 1999, p. 16.
- ^ Dixon 2004, p. xxxv.
- ^ Blake & Reid 2002, p. 183.
- ^ Mitchell 1878, p. 67.
- ^ Blake & Reid 1999, p. 15.
- ^ a b Koch, Hercus & Kelly 2018, p. 158.
- ^ Howitt 1904, p. 827.
- ^ Koch, Hercus & Kelly 2018, p. 154.
- ^ Barwick 1984, p. 118.
- ^ Koch, Hercus & Kelly 2018, pp. 155–156.
- ^ a b Blake & Reid 1999, pp. 24–25.
- ^ Blake & Reid 1999, p. 24.
- ^ Clark 2009, p. 208.
Sources
- "Austlang: S44: Dhudhuroa". Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
- Barwick, Diane E. (1984). "Mapping the past: an atlas of Victorian clans 1835-1904" (PDF). Aboriginal History. 8: 100–131.
- Blake, Barry; Reid, Julie (2002). "The Dhudhuroa language of northeastern Victoria: a description based on historical sources" (PDF). Aboriginal History. 26 (Annual 2002): 177–210.
- Blake, Barry J.; Reid, Julie (1999). "Pallanganmiddang: a language of the Upper Murray" (PDF). Aboriginal History. 23: 15–31.
- JSTOR 24046829.
- Clark, Ian D. (November 2010). "Aboriginal language areas in Northeast Victoria: 'Mogullumbidj' reconsidered". Victorian Historical Journal. 81 (2): 181–192.
- Clark, Ian D. (2011). "Aboriginal languages in North-east Victoria – the status of "Waveru" reconsidered". Journal of Australian Indigenous Issues. 14 (4): 2–22.
- ISBN 978-0-521-47378-1.
- Howitt, Alfred William (1904). The native tribes of south-east Australia (PDF). Macmillan.
- Koch, Harold; ISBN 978-1-760-46164-5.
- Mitchell, Thomas (1878). "List of Words: English-Native. Pallanganmiddah Tribe". In Smyth, Robert Brough (ed.). The Aborigines of Victoria: with notes relating to the habits of the natives of other parts of Australia and Tasmania (PDF). Vol. 2. Melbourne: J. Ferres, gov't printer. p. 67.
- ISBN 978-0-708-10741-6.