Panning (audio)

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Panning is the distribution of an

stereophonic pairs) into a new stereo or multi-channel sound field determined by a pan control setting. A typical physical recording console has a pan control for each incoming source channel. A pan control or pan pot (short for "panning potentiometer") is an analog control with a position indicator which can range continuously from the 7 o'clock when fully left to the 5 o'clock position fully right. Audio mixing
software replaces pan pots with on-screen virtual knobs or sliders which function like their physical counterparts.

Overview

A pan pot has an internal architecture which determines how much of a source signal is sent to the left and right buses. "Pan pots split audio signals into left and right channels, each equipped with its own discrete

law
.

When centered (at

]

Panning in audio borrows its name from

soundstage to the other, although ideally there would be timing (including phase and Doppler effects), filtering and reverberation differences present for a more complete picture of apparent movement within a defined space. Simple analog pan controls only change relative level; they don't add reverb to replace direct signal, phase changes, modify the spectrum, or change delay timing. "Tracks thus seem to move in the direction that [one] point[s] the pan pots on a mixer, even though [one] actually attenuate[s] those tracks on the opposite side of the horizontal plane."[3]

Panning can also be used in an audio mixer to reduce or reverse the stereo width of a stereo signal. For instance, the left and right channels of a stereo source can be panned straight up, that is sent equally to both the left output and the right output of the mixer, creating a dual mono signal. [citation needed]

An early panning process was used in the development of Fantasound, an early pioneering stereophonic sound reproduction system for Fantasia (1940).

Stereo-switching

Before pan pots were available, "a three-way switch was used to assign the track to the left output, right output, or both (the center)".

A Day In The Life" Lennon's vocals are switched to the extreme right on the first two strophes, on the third strophe they are switched center then extreme left, and switched left on the final strophe while during the bridge McCartney's vocals are switched extreme right.[6][7]

See also

References

  1. ^ .
  2. ^ AES Pro Audio Reference. Pan
  3. ^ Hodgson (2010), p.163.
  4. ^ Owsinski, Bobby (2006). The Mixing Engineer's Handbook, 2nd Edition, p.20. Cengage. cited in Hodgson (2010), p.161.
  5. ^ Hodgson (2010), p.161–162.
  6. ^ Hodgson (2010), p.161.
  7. ^ "What is Panning". Dawsons. Dawsons Music. Retrieved 17 June 2015.

Further reading

  • Rumsey, Francis and McCormick, Tim (2002). Sound and Recording: An Introduction. Focal Press.