Parthenopaeus

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Parthenpaios
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For the hero of medieval romance, see Partonopeus de Blois.

In

Arcadia,[1] described as young and outstandingly good-looking,[2][3] but at the same time arrogant, ruthless and over-confident,[4] although an unproblematic ally for the Argives.[5]

Mythology

Early life

Parthenopaeus was the son of

Idas's invasion of the kingdom of Teuthras.[14]

Euripides noted that Parthenopaeus moved from Arcadia to Argos at a young age, and seemed to have enjoyed a friendly reception from the Argives.[5]

War on Thebes

Parthenopaeus was persuaded by

Seven Against Thebes, he is portrayed carrying a shield with the image of the Sphinx devouring Thebans, and swearing by his spear (which, it was said, was for him more sacred than the gods, and more precious than his own sight) to destroy the city even despite the will of Zeus.[18] Yet according to Euripides, on the shield was depicted his mother shooting a wild boar.[19] He was confronted by Actor at the gate.[20]
Parthenopaeus was killed by either Periclymenus or Amphidicus (Asphodicus), a son of Astacus.[21][22] According to Euripides, Periclymenus killed him by heaving a load of stones on his head.[23]

Parthenopaeus is given a detailed treatment in Book 9 of Statius' Thebaid, which concludes with his aristeia and death, which differs considerably from those cited above. In the poem, Parthenopaeus fights fiercely and vigorously, killing a number of opponents, and dismisses the advice of his tutor Dorceus, who calls on him to be more careful. In the meantime, Atalanta, tormented by nightmares of his non-return, prays to Artemis that he may survive, or at least die a glorious death. Eventually Ares, instigated by his mistress Aphrodite, makes Artemis retreat from the battlefield and causes Dryas, a son of Orion, to attack and dissolve the Arcadian contingent. Parthenopaeus, intimidated, still attempts to shoot Dryas but the latter mortally wounds him with a thrown spear, and is himself instantly killed by someone whose identity remains unrevealed. Parthenopaeus dies in the arms of his companions, giving last instructions to Dorceus, and admitting that he must have been too young to go to war.[24]

In the Aeneid, the ghost of Parthenopaeus, along with those of other members of the Seven, is glimpsed by Aeneas in the Underworld.[25]

The son of Parthenopaeus by the nymph Clymene, variously named Promachus,[26][27] Tlesimenes[28][29] or Stratolaus,[30][31] was one of the Epigoni.

Notes

  1. Phoenician Women
    , 1154
  2. ^ Euripides, Suppliant Women, 889
  3. Hyginus
    , Fabulae, 270
  4. Seven Against Thebes
    , 526 - 538
  5. ^ a b Euripides, Suppliant Women, 890 ff.
  6. Pseudo-Apollodorus
    , Bibliotheca, 3. 9. 2
  7. ^ Pausanias, Description of Greece, 3. 12. 9
  8. Servius on Aeneid
    6. 480
  9. Hyginus
    , Fabulae, 70, 99, 270
  10. Pseudo-Apollodorus
    , Bibliotheca, 3. 9. 2; Servius on Aeneid 6. 480 as an alternative option
  11. Pseudo-Apollodorus
    , Bibliotheca, 1. 9. 13
  12. ^ Pausanias, Description of Greece, 2. 20. 5; 9. 18. 6
  13. Hyginus
    , Fabulae, 99
  14. Hyginus
    , Fabulae, 100
  15. ^ Diodorus Siculus, Library of History, 4. 65. 4
  16. Pseudo-Apollodorus
    , Bibliotheca, 3. 6. 6
  17. ^ Euripides, Phoenician Women, 1104
  18. ^ Seven Against Thebes, 540 ff.
  19. ^ Euripides, Phoenician Women, 1106 ff.
  20. ^ Seven Against Thebes, 555 ff
  21. Pseudo-Apollodorus
    , Bibliotheca, 3. 6. 8
  22. ^ Pausanias, Description of Greece, 9. 18. 6
  23. ^ Phoenician Women, 1156 ff
  24. ^ Statius, Thebaid, 9. 570 - 970
  25. ^ Virgil, Aeneid, 6. 480.
  26. Pseudo-Apollodorus
    , Bibliotheca, 3. 7. 2
  27. ^ Pausanias, Description of Greece, 9. 19. 2; 2. 20. 5
  28. ^ Hyginus, Fabulae, 71
  29. ^ Pausanias, Description of Greece, 3. 12. 9 informs that his sources were undecided as to whether Tlesimenes was a son or a brother of Parthenopaeus
  30. ^ Eustathius on Homer, 489. 39
  31. ^ Scholia on Iliad 4. 404
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