Patient-centered outcomes

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Patient-centered outcomes are results of

Evidence-based research, released data that found that over 90% of patients believe patient-centered outcomes to be "extremely important" to their healthcare experience.[4] Individuals that participated in this study by the Beryl Institute claimed that the aspects of healthcare that they see as most influential to their healthcare experience include effective communication, pain management, a clear and well-explained plan of care and a clean and comfortable environment.[4] In addition to this data, women were found to have the largest issues with lack of patient-centered care, reporting higher rates of pain and less empathy than men.[5]

History

In the 19th century, the

Institute for Healthcare Improvement released its six aims for changing healthcare, citing patient-centered healthcare as its third aim.[7]

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

Following the publishing of the six aims,

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act had three primary goals, to make health insurance affordable and available to more people, to expand the Medicaid to cover more individuals, and to support innovative medical care delivery methods that would lower the costs of health care.[8]  With these changes, there was a significant increase in the popularity of the push towards patient-centered healthcare. The Affordable Care Act's federal incentive programs put emphasis on value-based reimbursement. These programs, along with the basic increase in volume of patients that entered the healthcare system under the ACA, put an increased emphasis on patient-centered outcomes and consumer experiences.[9]

Key Outcomes

In 2014, the

Institute Of Medicine
(IOM) published six dimensions of patient-centered healthcare that they deemed as essential in producing quality healthcare. These six dimensions are:

The overall goal of a patient-centered outcome approach to healthcare is the focus on an individual's specific healthcare needs taking into account the patient's own goals in treatment alongside the provider's best clinical expertise in the topic as a medical professional. While it is important to have members of a multidisciplinary healthcare team that have the best training and knowledge caring for the patient, it is also essential that the patient themselves to actively communicate and be vocal about their values and concerns.[11] Healthcare professionals should be using language that the patient can understand and should educate and inform their patients on all decisions made concerning their health.  Additionally, researchers seeking to provide evidence to positively guide effective patient-centered decision-making need to ensure standards to prevent missing data that can result in challenges to the integrity of the studies that produce the guidelines themselves.[12]

Cost-Effective Care in the United States

The United States pays more in healthcare expenditure per capita than any other country. Healthcare expenditures the United States accounts for approximately 16% of the country's

uninsured and astronomical healthcare prices and expenditures.[14] Much of what accounts for the high expenditures is the fact that a large percentage of money going into healthcare is put towards wasteful or unnecessary expenses. Examples of these non-economical expenditures include excessive administrative costs, fraud, and abuse within the healthcare system (both among providers and patients), and misallocated treatments and procedures.[13]
This misuse of funds jeopardizes providers to offer the best services to their patients and leaves reduced funds for research into developing new diagnostic and treatment technologies. Abuse of healthcare funds in the United States is a barrier that patient-centered outcomes face as it diverts funds from healthcare professionals who are dedicated to promoting the idea of patient-centered healthcare.

See also

References

  1. PMID 28540344
    .
  2. ^ American College of Physicians. The Advanced Medical Home: A Patient-Centered, Physician-Guided Model of Health Care. Philadelphia: American College of Physicians; 2005: Position Paper. (Available from American College of Physicians, 190 N. Independence Mall West, Philadelphia, PA 19106.)
  3. ^ "Our Story". www.pcori.org. August 5, 2014. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  4. ^ a b Yohn DL. "What Patients Really Want And Why Healthcare Companies Should Care". Forbes. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  5. PMID 26590706
    .
  6. ^ "PBS- Healthcare Crisis: Healthcare Timeline". www.pbs.org. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  7. ^ a b "History". Patient-Centered Primary Care Collaborative. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  8. ^ "Affordable Care Act (ACA)". HealthCare.gov Glossary. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  9. ^ "How the Affordable Care Act Impacts Patient Engagement". PatientEngagementHIT. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  10. ^ "The Six Domains of Health Care Quality". www.ahrq.gov. Retrieved October 25, 2018.
  11. PMID 19901351
    .
  12. PMID 24262770
    .
  13. ^
    PMID 19120983
    .
  14. ^ National Research Council (US); Institute of Medicine (US) (2013). Woolf SH, Aron L (eds.). Public Health and Medical Care Systems. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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