Pierre Perrault (scientist)

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For the film director, see Pierre Perrault.
For the science fiction writer, see
Pierre Pairault
.

Pierre Perrault (c. 1608, in

hydrological cycle. He and Edme Mariotte were primarily responsible for making hydrology an experimental science.[1]

Life

Perrault grew up in a bourgeois family, had at least seven siblings, and probably lived all his life in Paris. Little is known about his life, despite the fame of some of his younger brothers. These include

Tales of Mother Goose.[1]

Perrault was trained as a lawyer, and in 1654 purchased the position of

Receiver General of Finances for Paris. This post involved collecting taxes for Louis XIV, and he received a percentage of the taxes he collected. This position ruined him when Louis XIV chose to calm rebellious taxpayers by granting a remission of all taxes that were still owed after 10 years. Pierre had used some of his tax receipts for 1664 to pay creditors, and when he could not deliver the money to the royal treasury, he was forced into bankruptcy.[2]

After the bankruptcy Perrault became an amateur scientist and focused his attention on the origin of

springs.[1] The result of his labor was his book de l'Origine des fontaines (On the Origin of Fountains),[3] published anonymously in 1674 and dedicated to his friend Christiaan Huygens.[2]

On the Origin of Springs

In the millennia before Perrault published his book, most

hydrologic cycle, the weight of authority was behind the more fanciful theories.[2]

Perrault devoted the first part of his book, On the Origin of Springs, to analyzing the ideas of his predecessors and what he called the "Common Opinion", rejecting most of it. He estimated the flow in the

Seine River and compared it with rainfall in the watershed, showing that the rainfall was easily enough to account for the flow in the river.[1] This conclusion was later supported by a more rigorous quantitative analysis published by Edme Mariotte.[2]

With a series of experiments, Perrault showed that rain does not penetrate the soil beyond about 2 feet (0.61 m). Thus, most of the rain that falls does not go into springs. Perrault developed the theory of the

hydrologic cycle, correctly accounting for the roles of evaporation, transpiration, throughflow, and surface runoff.[2]

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d Brutsaert 2005, pp. 572 ff.
  2. ^ a b c d e Nace 1974
  3. ^ Perrault 1966

References

  • ISBN 978-0-521-82479-8
    .
  • Nace, Raymond L. (1974). "Pierre Perrault: The man and his contribution to modern hydrology".
    doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1974.tb05623.x
    .
  • Perrault, Pierre (1966). On the origin of springs. Translation of "De l’origine des fontaines” (1674).
    ASIN B0026MBIHE
    .
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