Pinhel

Coordinates: 40°47′N 7°4′W / 40.783°N 7.067°W / 40.783; -7.067
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the wine, see Pinhel wine.
Pinhel
Municipality
Nossa Senhora do Castelo
Websitehttp://www.cm-pinhel.pt

Pinhel (Portuguese pronunciation:

central subregion of Beira Interior Norte, in Portugal. The municipality population in 2011 was 9,627,[1] in an area of 484.52 km2.[2]
The urban centre of Pinhel had about 3500 residents in 2001.

History

The origins of this municipality date back to the Calcolithic period, as many of the remnants of ancient cultures from this period remain: namely the rock-art engravings and paintings that line the Côa valley in Cidadelhe. Part of the historic

district of Guarda
, the region obtained its name for many pine forests that covered the region's hills and mountains.

There are also several references to a pre-Roman or Roman presence, suggesting a continual occupancy since this period.

During the medieval period, owing to the defensive requirements of the fledgling nation, several fortified centres developed, including the Pinhel, but also along a line that included: Trancoso, Marialva, Guarda, Castelo Rodrigo, Almeida and Castelo Mendo. The Castle of Pinhel dates from the reign of King Denis and the keep tower from his descendant, King Manuel I. Pinhel's strategic position, along the frontier with Spain, made the monarchs of Portugal retain many of these fortifications, as well as allowing the development of their territorial claims.

The historical centre, with its narrow roadways, were adapted from the morphology of the terrain, with many patrimonial references to the medieval and modern eras. The homes of the city of Pinhel, some dating from the 16th century, includes some lost references to the presence of a Jewish population at one time, such as along the Rua de Santa Maria. Pinhel was, for a long time, the seat of its own diocese, before being incorporated into the Diocese of Guarda.

The 17th and 18th century were periods of growth for the region, dominated the construction of estates, scattered in many of the historic corners of the municipality, some monumental and decorative.

The urbanized area of Pinhel, the city of Pinhel, was elevated to this status in 1770.

Ecclesiastical History

In 1770.08.25 a bishopric was established as Diocese of Pinhel / Pinhelen(sis) (Latin adjective), on territory split off from the

Archdiocese of Braga
. The Church of the Saviour (Portuguese: Igreja do Salvador) served as cathedral, until its demolition and substitution as such in 1797 by the convent church of St. Louis (Portuguese: Igreja de São Luís) as ordered by bishop Don Bernardo Bernardino Beltrão Freire.

It was suppressed on 1881.09.30, its territory being merged into the

Diocese of Guarda
.

Residential Bishops of Pinhel

  • João Rafael de Mendonça (1771.06.17 – 1771.07.29), next Bishop of
    Roman Catholic Diocese of Porto
    (Portugal) (1771.07.29 – death 1793.06.06)
  • Cristóvão de Almeida Soares (1773.03.08 – death 1782.02.11)
  • José António Pinto de Mendonça Arrais (1782.12.16 – 1797.12.18), next Bishop of
    Guarda
    (Portugal) (1797.12.18 – death 1822.04.19)
  • Bernardo Bernardino Beltrão Freire (1797.12.18 – death 1828.07.19)
  • Leonardo de Sousa Brandão (1832.12.17 – death 1838)
  • Ss. Marcellino e Pietro
    (1914.09.08 – 1929.08.05).

Titular see

In 1969 the diocese was nominally restored as Latin

Titular bishopric
of Pinhel (Português) / Pinhelen(sis) (Latin).

It has had the following incumbents, so far of the fitting Episcopal (lowest) order :

Geography

The municipality of Pinhel is geographically delimited, in its entirety para two waterways: the Ribeira do Massueime (in the west) and east by the

Guarda
. The area includes a superficial area of 485 square kilometres (187 sq mi), divided into 18 civil parishes, as well as one urban parish, the city/seat of Pinhel.

The municipality is accessed by a rail-line, the Vila Franca das Naves line for 12 kilometres (7.5 mi), by the A25 roadway (connecting Pinhel and Pínzio, and internationally by its connection to Vilar Formoso, 34 kilometres (21 mi).

The northern part of the municipality is part of the

Foz Coa
has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage site for these primitive engravings.

Pinhel is surrounded by

district of Guarda
.

Climate

Climate data for Pinhel, altitude: 606 m (1,988 ft)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average precipitation mm (inches) 74
(2.9) 		64
(2.5) 		58
(2.3) 		57
(2.2) 		52
(2.0) 		32
(1.3) 		14
(0.6) 		11
(0.4) 		38
(1.5) 		65
(2.6) 		76
(3.0) 		81
(3.2) 		622
(24.5)
Source: Portuguese Environment Agency[3]

Parishes

Administratively, the municipality is divided into 18 civil parishes (

freguesias):[4]

Architecture

See above for church buildings.

In addition, the following buildings and structures have been classified as national patrimony:

Notable people

  • José Dias Coelho (1923 in Pinhel – 1961) a Portuguese painter and sculptor, an anti-fascist and member of the PCP

See also

References

  1. ^ Instituto Nacional de Estatística
  2. ^ "Áreas das freguesias, concelhos, distritos e país". Archived from the original on 2018-11-05. Retrieved 2018-11-05.
  3. ^ "Monthly Precipitation Pinhel". APA. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
  4. ^ Diário da República. "Law nr. 11-A/2013, pages 552 94-95" (pdf) (in Portuguese). Retrieved 29 July 2014.

Sources and external links

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Pinhel.
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