Point Peninsula complex

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Point Peninsula complex
Middle Woodland
Dates600 BCE – 700 CE

The Point Peninsula complex was an indigenous culture located in Ontario and New York from 600 BCE to 700 CE (during the Middle Woodland period).[1] Point Peninsula ceramics were first introduced into Canada around 600 BCE then spread south into parts of New England around 200 BCE.[2] Some time between 300 BCE and 1 CE, Point Peninsula pottery first appeared in Maine, and "over the entire Maritime Peninsula." Little evidence exists to show that it was derived from the earlier, thicker pottery, known as Vinette I, Adena Thick, etc...[3] Point Peninsula pottery represented a new kind of technology in North America and has also been called Vinette II. Compared to existing ceramics that were thicker and less decorated, this new pottery has been characterized by "superior modeling of the clay with vessels being thinner, better fired and containing finer grit temper."[4] Where this new pottery technology originated is not known for sure. The origin of this pottery is "somewhat of a problem."[5] The people are thought to have been influenced by the Hopewell traditions of the Ohio River valley. This influence seems to have ended about 250 CE, after which they no longer practiced burial ceremonialism.[6]

Hopewell interaction sphere

The

Campbellford, Ontario. Though the Hopewell interaction sphere generally is confined to the United States, much of the silver found in mound artifacts, such as pan pipes, actually comes from Cobalt, Ontario, far up the Ottawa River.[8]

Point Peninsula complex

The Point Peninsula people of the Middle Woodland period lived by hunting and gathering, supplemented by agriculture. Around 900 CE, Point Peninsula artifacts in New York were replaced by Owasco culture artifacts. However, a 2011 paper by archaeologist John P. Hart argues there was no definable Owasco culture.[9] Archaeologists believe these indicated the presence of Clemson Island peoples' spreading northward and intermingling with the Point Peninsula complex through the years of 1300.

The Owasco peoples practiced different pottery techniques and were more sedentary agriculturalists than the Point Peninsula people. They cultivated a variety of types of

Haudenosaunee or Iroquois Confederacy likely formed in an effort to avoid the continual warfare of years past.[10]

Some important sites are the Rice Lake/Lower Trent River area, including the Serpent Mounds Park, Cameron's Point and LeVescounte Mounds in Prince Edward County.[11]

Serpent Mounds Park

The

prehistoric
Middle Woodland period. The burial mound was shaped like a giant snake.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Middle Woodlanmd Natives". Retrieved 2009-10-08.
  2. ^ Fiedel, Stuart (1987). "Algonquian Origins: A Problem in Archaeological-Linguistic Correlation". Archaeology of Eastern North America. 15 (Fall): 5.
  3. ^ Bourque, Bruce (2001). Twelve Thousand Years American Indians in Maine. pg. 76, 79: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 368.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  4. ISBN 0-660-15952-X.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link
    )
  5. ^ Wright, J.V (1972). Ontario Prehistory. pg 44: National Museums of Canada. pp. 120.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  6. ^ a b "The Archaeology of Ontario-The Middle Woodland Period". Archived from the original on 2009-07-15. Retrieved 2009-07-10.
  7. ^ Turff, Gina (1996). A Synthesis of Middle Woodland: Master Thesis Dissertation Panpipes in Eastern North America. Peterborough,Ontario: Trent University. pp. i.
  8. ^ Turff, Gina (1996). A Synthesis of Middle Woodland: Master Thesis Dissertation Panpipes in Eastern North America. Peterborough,Ontario: Trent University. pp. 75–77.
  9. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-11-29. Retrieved 2014-11-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  10. ISBN 978-0-271-02214-7
    .
  11. ^ "Archeology in the County", Prince Edward County, Ontario, accessed 24 Feb 2010

External links

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