Popovtsy
The Popovtsy (Russian: поповцы, IPA:
Historical background
After the reforms of Patriarch Nikon of Moscow in the 1650s, many members of the Russian Orthodox Church refused to acknowledge the changes which he had made to bring the church in line with the Greek Orthodox Church.[1]
As none of the bishops joined the Old Believers (except Bishop Paul of Kolomna, who was executed), ordained priests of the Old Rite would have soon become extinct. Two responses appeared to this dilemma: the priested Old Believers (поповцы, Popovtsy).
The Popovtsy represented the more moderate conservative opposition, who strove to continue religious and church life as it had existed before the reforms of
Spiritual centres of the Popovtsy
In the 18th - 19th centuries, the Popovtsy lived in communities on the
Edinovertsy
Around 1800, a group of Popovtsy, mainly merchants from Moscow seeking the abrogation of discriminating legislation which obstructed their commercial activities, offered to acknowledge the leadership of the
Belokrinitskaya hierarchy
In 1846, the Popovtsy convinced
Beglopopovsty; Novozybkovskaya hierarchy
Not all priested Old Believers recognised this hierarchy.[4] These dissenters were called беглопоповцы (beglopopovtsy) and obtained their own hierarchy in the 1920s. The priested Old Believers are thus represented by two churches that have the same beliefs, but treat each other's hierarchies as illegitimate. It is now known as the Russian Old-Orthodox Church.
Modern situation
The Popovtsy were hostile towards the October Revolution of 1917. For some time (in the early 1920s), the Soviet regime was rather tolerant towards the Old Believers as a whole, but in the 1930s, Old Believers too were subjected to severe repressions. Most of their churches were confiscated or demolished. During the Soviet period, the social strata which had been traditionally the backbone of the Old Believer population - peasants, cossacks, craftsmen, artisans, merchants and entrepreneurs, were practically extinguished. Nowadays Old Believers' churches are restored and recognized by the State.
Popovtsy Churches
The two churches of the Popovtsy are:
- schism of Okruzhnyy Raskol.
- Novozybkovskaya Hierarchy, officially known as the Russian Old-Orthodox Church, former beglopopovtsy.
The US
In the 21st century, over 7,000 Old Believers live in the US, including members of the Popovtsy,[5] with settlements in Oregon and Alaska.[6][7]
References
- ^ Catholic Near East Welfare Association website, The Old Believers, article dated September 4, 2021
- ^ Library of Congress website, Religious Flight and Migration: Old Believers (2000)
- ^ Oxford Reference website, Overview: Old Believers
- ^ a b c Church of the Nativity website, Background to the Old Rite
- ^ University of Kansas website, Journals, Traditional Customs of Russian Old Believers in Woodburn, Oregon, article by Elena Razumovskaya (2008)
- ^ University of California, National Heritage Language Resource Center section, Russian Old Believers in the USA: Language and Belief, by Tamara Morris, published August 19, 2016
- ^ Alaska Watchman website, The Arrival of Russian Old Believers in Alaska, Part 2, article by Alexander Dolitskey, published January 5, 2022
Further reading
- Храневич К. И. Поповщина // нциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона : в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). — СПб., 1890-1907.
- Вургафт С. Г., Ушаков И. А. Старообрядчество. Лица, предметы, события и символы. Опыт энциклопедического словаря. - М., 1996.
- Старообрядческие иерархи. - М., 2002.