Post-transfusion purpura

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Post-transfusion purpura (PTP) is a delayed adverse reaction to a

antigens. These alloantibodies destroy the patient's platelets leading to thrombocytopenia, a rapid decline in platelet count.[1] PTP usually presents 5–12 days after transfusion, and is a potentially fatal condition in rare cases. Approximately 85% of cases occur in women.[2]

Mechanism

PTP is rare, but usually occurs in women who have had multiple pregnancies or in people who have undergone previous transfusions. The precise mechanism leading to PTP is unknown, but it most commonly occurs in individuals whose platelets lack the

HPA-1a antigen (old name: PLA1). The patient develops antibodies to the HPA-1a antigen leading to platelet destruction. In some cases, HPA-5b has also been implicated. It is unclear why alloantibodies attack the patient's own, as well as any transfused allogeneic random donor platelets. Probable explanation for this is that the recipient's platelets acquire the phenotype of donor's platelet by binding of the soluble antigens from the donor onto the recipient's platelet.[3]

Treatment

Symptoms are usually sudden in onset and self-limiting, most often resolving within 2 weeks.

IVIG therapy is the primary treatment.[4] Additionally, PTP is an American Society for Apheresis Category III indication for plasmapheresis.[5][6]

See also

References

  1. ISBN 978-0-7817-8125-1{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  2. ^
    PMID 27113000
    .
  3. ISBN 978-0-521-80261-1
  4. ISBN 978-0-12-348775-9
  5. PMID 27322218
    .
  6. ISBN 978-1-4051-3649-5
    .
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