Preauricular sinus and cyst
| Preauricular sinus and cyst | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Congenital auricular fistula, Congenital preauricular fistula, Ear pit,[1]: 782 or a Preauricular cyst[2] |
 | |
| Preauricular sinus on right ear | |
| Specialty | Otorhinolaryngology  |
Preauricular sinuses and preauricular cysts are two common
congenital malformations. Each involves the external ear. The difference between them is that a cyst does not connect with the skin, but a sinus does. [3] Frequency of preauricular sinus differs depending the population: 0.1–0.9% in the US, 0.9% in the UK, and 4–10% in Asia and parts of Africa.[4]
Preauricular sinuses are inherited features, and frequently appear next to both ears.[5] Preauricular sinuses can be associated with other defects that are not visible, one example being branchio-oto-renal syndrome.[6]
Presentation
Complications
Occasionally a preauricular sinus or cyst can become infected.[7] Most preauricular sinuses are asymptomatic, and remain untreated unless they become infected too often.[8] Preauricular sinuses can be excised surgically, but often present a high risk of recurrence.[9]
Causes
Preauricular sinuses and cysts result from developmental defects of the first and second
pharyngeal arches.[10] This and other ear malformations are sometimes associated with renal anomalies.[11] In rare circumstances these pits may be seen in genetic conditions such as branchio-oto-renal syndrome; however these conditions are always concurrent with other health concerns.[12]
Treatment
Courses of treatment typically include the following:[13]
- Surgical excision is indicated with recurrent fistular infections,otolaryngologistor a specialist General Surgeon.
- The fistula can be excised as a cosmetic operation even though no infection appeared. The procedure is considered an elective operation in the absence of any associated complications.
See also
- Branchial cleft cyst
- Thyroglossal cyst
- Lachiewicz Sibley syndrome
- List of cutaneous conditions
References
- ISBN 978-0-07-138076-8.
- ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
- ^ Thatcher, A.L. (2022). Congenital and inflammatory neck masses in children. In M. Lesperance (Ed.), Cummings Pediatric Otolaryngology, 23, 308-321.
- PMID 24653881.
- ^ Moore, K.L., Persaud, T.V.N., & Torchia, M.G. (2010). Development of eyes and ears. Before we are born, 17, 257-268.e1.
- ^ MedlinePlus Genetics [Internet] (18 August 2020). "Branchiootorenal/branchiootic syndrome". MedlinePlus. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
- ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6.
- ISBN 978-0-7817-9505-0.
- PMID 19205595.
- ^ "Preauricular Sinus". Stedman's Medical Spellchecker. 2006. Retrieved 24 Feb 2009.
cited in WrongDiagnosis.com
- PMID 11483842.
- ^ "Branchiootorenal syndrome". Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD). Archived from the original on 2018-07-05. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
- ^ Philadelphia, The Children's Hospital of (2016-07-06). "Preauricular Pits". www.chop.edu. Retrieved 2024-04-15.
- ^ Dellinger, M.B., & Waldhausen, J.H.T. (2020). Head and neck sinuses and masses. In Holcomb and Ashcraft's Pediatric Surgery, 72, 1171-1185.
Bibliography
- Leopardi G, Chiarella G, Conti S, Cassandro E (December 2008). "Surgical treatment of recurring preauricular sinus: supra-auricular approach". Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica. 28 (6): 302–5. PMID 19205595.
- Kim JR, Kim DH, Kong SK, Gu PM, Hong TU, Kim BJ, Heo KW (November 2014). "Congenital periauricular fistulas: possible variants of the preauricular sinus". International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 78 (11): 1843–8. S2CID 1885028.
Further reading
- Tan T, Constantinides H, Mitchell TE (November 2005). "The preauricular sinus: A review of its aetiology, clinical presentation and management". International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 69 (11): 1469–74. PMID 16125253.
External links
Media related to Preauricular sinus and cyst at Wikimedia Commons
