Process isolation

Process isolation is a set of different hardware and software technologies

. It does so by preventing process A from writing to process B.

Process isolation can be implemented with virtual address space, where process A's address space is different from process B's address space – preventing A from writing onto B.

Security is easier to enforce by disallowing inter-process memory access, in contrast with less secure architectures such as DOS in which any process can write to any memory in any other process.^[2]

Limited inter-process communication

In a system with process isolation, limited (controlled) interaction between processes may still be allowed over

. In this scheme, all of the process' memory is isolated from other processes except where the process is allowing input from collaborating processes.

System policies may disallow IPC in some circumstances. For example, in mandatory access control systems, subjects with different sensitivity levels may not be allowed to communicate with each other. The security implications in these circumstances are broad and span applications in network key encryption systematics as well as distributed caching algorithms. Interface-defined protocols such as basic cloud access architecture and network sharing are similarly affected.^[3]

Operating systems

Operating systems that support process isolation by providing separate address spaces for each process include:

• Unix-like systems such as Linux, macOS, Solaris, and AIX
• VMS
• Windows NT

Web browsers

became more commonplace.

In

containing webpages are contained within their own semi-separate OS-level processes which are isolated from the core process of the browser so as to prevent the crash of one tab/page from crashing the entire browser. This method (known popularly as multiprocess or process-per-tab) is meant to both manage memory and processing by allowing offending tabs to crash separately from the browser and other tabs and manage security.

Browsers with process isolation

• Google Chrome
• Internet Explorer 8 and later
• Safari
• Mozilla Firefox
  (default since 57)
• Maxthon

Programming languages

Erlang (programming language) is providing a similar concept in user space, by realizing strictly separated lightweight processes.

Related technologies

• Virtual memory and virtual address space allows for memory space isolation.
• Polyinstantiation allows mirrors of shared resources, where changes by process A will not be visible to process B.

See also

• Sandbox (computer security)
• NX bit

References