Quintus Valerius Orca
Quintus Valerius Orca (
Life and career
Orca is generally regarded as the son of
Next to nothing is known of Orca's early career. As praetor in 57 BC, he actively supported Cicero's return from exile,
Role in civil war
During the
Land distribution in Volaterrae
After Caesar finally took over the
Although an inscription provides evidence that Volaterrae had the legal status of colonia in the early Principate, there are few archaeological traces to indicate that veterans actually received and inhabited the land. It has been conjectured that the Volaterreans were able to negotiate a less radical reorganization from Orca, perhaps through the network of friendships, family ties and connections[13] left from his pro-Marian father and his friend Cicero.[14]
References
- ^ Giovanni Niccolini, I fasti dei tribuni della plebe (Milan 1934), pp. 430–431. For the father's political career, scholarly reputation, and controversial death, see article on Quintus Valerius Soranus.
- ^ Conrad Cichorius, “Zur Lebensgeschichte des Valerius Soranus,” Hermes 41 (1906) 59–68, remains the most thorough treatment of the evidence for Soranus's life and career; English abstract in American Journal of Philology 28 (1907) 468.
- ^ Marcus Tullius Cicero, Brutus 169: vicini et familiares mei; Edwin S. Ramage, “Cicero on Extra-Roman Speech,” Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 92 (1961), pp. 487–488; Elizabeth Rawson, Intellectual Life in the Late Roman Republic (The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985), p. 34.
- ^ Marcus Tullius Cicero, Post reditum in senatu 23; Léonie Hayne, "Who Went to Luca?" Classical Philology 69 (1974), p. 218.
- ^ On behalf of Caius Curtius and Publius Cuspius: Cicero, Epistulae ad familiares 13.6 (= 57 in the chronological edition of Shackleton Bailey) and 13.6a (= 58 SB); C. Nicolet, "Le cens senatorial sous la Republique et sous Auguste," Journal of Roman Studies 66 (1976), p. 27.
- ^ Hannah M. Cotton, "Mirificum genus commendationis: Cicero and the Latin Letter of Recommendation," American Journal of Philology 106 (1985), p. 332; John Nicholson, "The Delivery and Confidentiality of Cicero's Letters," Classical Journal 90 (1994), pp. 47–48.
- ^ T. Corey Brennan, The Praetorship in the Roman Republic (Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 886, note 368.
- ^ Léonie Hayne, "Who Went to Luca?" Classical Philology 69 (1974), p. 220. On the dating of Orca's governorship in Africa, see T.R.S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 2 (New York 1952), pp. 201 and 212.
- Lucan's Bellum civile 3.64, p. 93 in the edition of Hermann Usener(Leipzig: Teubner 1869); T.R.S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 2 (New York 1952), pp. 260 and 270.
- ^ Appian, Bellum civile 2.40.
- ^ Cassius Dio, Roman History 41.18.1.
- ^ Cicero, Epistulae ad familiares 13.5 (= 319 Shackleton Bailey); T.R.S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 2 (New York 1952), p. 312.
- ^ Of the sort expressed by the Latin terms amici, hospites, and clientes.
- ^ Nicola Terrenato explores the historical situation of Volaterrae in "Tam firmum municipium: The Romanization of Volaterrae and Its Cultural Implications," Journal of Roman Studies 88 (1998) 94–114; see pp. 106–107 on Orca's commission.