Raghnall Mac Ruaidhrí
Raghnall Mac Ruaidhrí | |
---|---|
Áine Nic Ruaidhrí | |
Died | October 1346 Elcho Priory |
Noble family | Clann Ruaidhrí |
Father | Ruaidhrí Mac Ruaidhrí |
Raghnall Mac Ruaidhrí (died October 1346) was an eminent Scottish magnate and
Raghnall's possession of his family's expansive ancestral territories in the
Clann Ruaidhrí
The fifteenth-century
Raghnall's father appears to be identical to the Clann Ruaidhrí dynast—styled "King of the Hebrides"—who lost his life in the service of the Bruce campaign in Ireland in 1318.[37] At the time, Raghnall may well have been under age,[21] and it is apparent that Cairistíona and her confederates again attempted to seize control of the inheritance.[38] Although she is recorded to have resigned her claimed rights to a certain Artúr Caimbéal at some point after Ruaidhrí's death,[39] it is clear that Raghnall succeeded in securing the region, and was regarded as the chief of Clann Ruaidhrí by most of his kin.[40][note 4]
In 1325, a certain "Roderici de Ylay" suffered the forfeiture of his possessions by Robert I.
Although Cairistíona's resignation charter to Artúr is undated,[56] it could date to just before the forfeiture.[50] The list of witnesses who attested the grant is remarkable,[57] and may reveal that the charter had royal approval.[58] The witnesses include: John Menteith, Domhnall Caimbéal, Alasdair Mac Neachdainn, Eóghan Mac Íomhair, Donnchadh Caimbéal (son of Tomás Caimbéal), Niall Mac Giolla Eáin, and (the latter's brother) Domhnall Mac Giolla Eáin.[59][note 5] These men all seem to have been close adherents of Robert I against Clann Dubhghaill, and all represented families of power along the western seaboard. An alliance of such men may well have been an intimidating prospect to the Clann Ruaidhrí leadership.[61]
The forfeiture could have been personally reinforced by Robert I, as he seems to have travelled to Tarbert Castle—an imposing royal stronghold in Kintyre—within the same year.[54][note 6] There is reason to suspect that the establishment of the Caimbéalaigh constabulary of Dunstaffnage formed part of a plan to create a new western sheriffdom based at Tarbert.[63] Although the king had previously allowed the succession of Raghnall's father in the first decade of the century,[20] it is evident that by the early 1320s the Scottish Crown was allowing and assisting in the expansion of families such as the Caimbéalaigh at the expense of families like Clann Ruaidhrí.[64] In fact, it may have been at the Scone parliament of 1323—perhaps at the same time that work on Tarbert Castle was authorised—that the constabulary was granted to the Caimbéalaigh, along with lands in Benderloch, Ardnastaffnage, Inverawe, and other places in Lorn. This royal grant may well have overturned previous grants of former Clann Dubhghaill possessions to members of Clann Ruaidhrí.[65][note 7]
Career
This Raynald menyd wes gretly,
For he wes wycht man and worthy.
And fra men saw this infortown,
Syndry can in thare hartis schwne,
And cald it iẅill forbysnyng,
That in the fyrst off thare steryng
That worthy man suld be slayne swa,
And swa gret rowtis past thaim fra.
— excerpt from the Orygynale Cronykil of Scotland depicting the royal army's consternation at the assassination of Raghnall ("Raynald") by adherents of the William III, Earl of Ross.[67]
Unlike the
At about this time, Raghnall received the rights to Kintail from William III, Earl of Ross, a transaction which was confirmed by the king that July.[82] There is reason to suspect that the king's recognition of this grant may have been intended as a regional counterbalance of sorts, since he also diverted the rights to Skye from Eóin to William III.[83] It is also possible that Clann Ruaidhrí power had expanded into the coastal region of Kintail at some point after the death of William III's father in 1333, during a period when William III may have been either a minor or exiled from the country. Whatever the case, the earl seems to have had little choice but to relinquish his rights to Kintail to Raghnall.[84]
Bitterness between these two magnates appears to be evidenced in dramatic fashion by the assassination of Raghnall and several of his followers at the hands of the earl and his adherents.[85] Raghnall's murder unfolded at Elcho Priory in October 1346,[86] and is attested by numerous sources, such as the fifteenth-century Scotichronicon,[87] the fifteenth-century Orygynale Cronykil of Scotland,[88] the fifteenth-century Liber Pluscardensis,[89] and the seventeenth-century Sleat History.[90] At the time of his demise, Raghnall had been obeying the king's muster at Perth, in preparation for the Scots' imminent invasion of England. Following the deed, William III deserted the royal host, and fled to the safety of his domain.[91] What is known of William III's comital career reveals that it was local, rather than national issues, that laid behind his recorded actions. The murder of Raghnall and the earl's desertion—a flight which likely left his king with a substantially smaller fighting-force—is one such example.[92] David II was captured, only days later, in battle against the English—a fact that may explain how William III was able to escape censure for the slaying.[93] Although William III was later to pay dearly for his disertion,[94] his part in the murder evinces his determination to deal with the threat of encroachment of Clann Ruaidhrí power into what he regarded as his own domain.[95] Despite this dramatic removal of William III's main rival, the most immediate beneficiary of the killing was Eóin,[96] the chief of Clann Domhnaill, a man who was also William III's brother-in-law.[97]
Following Raghnall's death, control of the Clann Ruaidhrí estate passed to Eóin by right of his wife.
Raghnall seems to have had a brother, Eóghan, who received a grant to the
Ancestry
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Notes
- patronyms in English secondary sources: Raghnall Mac Ruaidhrí,[2] Raghnall Mac Ruaidhri,[3] Raghnall MacRuaidhrí,[2] Ranald mac Ruairidh,[4] Ranald Macruairi,[5] Ranald MacRuairi,[6] Ranald MacRuairidh,[7] Ranald MacRuari,[8] Ranald macRuari,[9] Ranald MacRuaridh,[10] Ranald Macruaridh,[5] Ranald MacRuarie,[11] Reginald MacRuairidh,[12] and Reginald MacRuari.[13]
- Ruaidhrí could indicate that he was not only named after his maternal grandfather, but that he was regarded as a potential successor to the Clann Ruaidhrí lordship.[27] Certainly, Cairistíona resigned her claims with the condition that, if her brother died without a male heir, and her like-named son married one of her brother's daughters, Cairistíona's son would secure the inheritance.[20]
- Clann Raghnaill descendants for centuries.[36]
- Clann Dubhghaill stronghold of Dunstaffnage Castle to a certain Artúr Caimbéal. The identity of this constable is uncertain, however, as there was a father and son who bore this name.[42] Whilst the constableship may have been awarded to the senior-most Artúr,[43] Cairistíona's transaction appears to have involved his son,[44] and it is possible that the latter was intended to marry her.[41] Whatever the case, the elder Artúr seems to be the founding ancestor of the Strachur branch of the Caimbéalaigh.[45]
- father or son who bore the name.[60]
- ^ The brothers Niall Mac Giolla Eáin and Domhnall Mac Giolla Eáin, along with another brother, Eóin Mac Giolla Eáin, are associated with the castle at about this time.[62]
- ^ Strife between regional factions may account for the order passed by parliament in 1318 that forbade noblemen to prosecute disputes "arising from the war". Such disputes may have concerned families like Clann Ruaidhrí and Clann Domhnaill against the Stewarts, Menteiths, and the Caimbéalaigh.[66]
- ^ Early modern tradition preserved by the seventeenth-century Sleat History, claims that Raghnall's sister (described as "Algive", daughter of "Allan, son of Roderick Macdougall") cohabited with Eóin for nine or ten years.[71]
- Skye, and the mainland territories of Ardnamurchan, Kintyre, Knapdale, and Morvern. This allotment, therefore, included regions formerly held by apparent supporters of David II, Clann Dubhghaill and Clann Ruaidhrí.[78] Whatever the case, the subsequent eclipse of the Balliol regime, and the return of David II to the throne, rendered Eóin's extensive grant redundant.[79]
- ^ Negotiations concerning the marriage between Eóin and Margaret may have commenced not long after Raghnall's demise,[101] and could have involved the Steward's recognition of Eóin's continued possession of the Clann Ruaidhrí lands.[102] According to the Sleat History, Eóin abandoned Áine "by the consent of his council and familiar friends".[103]
- Clann Raghnaill branch of Clann Domhnaill.[108]
- Diarmaid Ó Duibhne may further cast light on Clann Ruaidhrí following Raghnall's death.[116] The poem itself appears to have been composed around Glen Shee in about 1400 by a certain Ailéan Mac Ruaidhrí, a man who could have been a descendant of Eóghan.[117] The Irish version of the poem is centred in Sligo, a region where Clann Ruaidhrí gallowglasses are known to have settled in the fourteenth century.[118]
- ^ The fact that Clann Ruaidhrí continued on into later centuries is evidenced by the fifteenth-century executions of Alasdair Mac Ruaidhrí and Eóin Mac Artair, chieftains said to have commanded one thousand men apiece.[119] These two may have been continuing a feud that stemmed from Cairistíona's contested inheritance and connections with the Caimbéalaigh.[120]
Citations
- ^ Adv MS 72.1.1 (n.d.); Black; Black (n.d.).
- ^ a b Murray, N (2002).
- ^ Nicholls (2007).
- ^ Oram, R (2017).
- ^ a b Daniels (2013).
- ^ Penman, MA (2014); Webster (2011); Caldwell, D (2008); Proctor (2006); Brown, M (2004); Boardman, SI (2004); Roberts (1999a).
- ^ Traquair (1998).
- ^ Cochran-Yu (2015); Addyman; Oram (2012); Campbell of Airds (2000); Duncan (1998); Boardman, S (1997); Boardman, S (1996a); Boardman, S (1996b); Munro (1986).
- ^ Roberts (1999b).
- ^ MacInnes (2016); Penman, M (2014); Munro, R; Munro, J (2008); Penman, MA (2005); Oram, RD (2004); Homann (2001).
- ^ Penman, MA (2001).
- ^ Ross (2012).
- ^ Munro, J; Munro, RW (1986).
- ^ Munro, J; Munro, RW (1986) p. 283 n. 16; Adv MS 72.1.1 (n.d.); Black; Black (n.d.).
- ^ a b c Daniels (2013) p. 94; Boardman, SI (2004).
- ^ Raven (2005b) fig. 13; Bannerman (1998) p. 25.
- ^ McNamee (2012) ch. 1.
- ^ a b c Boardman, SI (2004).
- ^ Barrow, GWS (2005) p. 377; Boardman, SI (2004).
- ^ a b c MacDonald (2013) p. 353; Ross (2012) p. 4; Boardman, S (2006) pp. 46, 54 n. 52, 55 n. 61; Ewan (2006); Barrow, GWS (2005) pp. 377–78; Raven (2005a) p. 63; Boardman, SI (2004); Brown, M (2004) p. 263; McDonald (2004) p. 190; Murray, A (1998) p. 5; McDonald (1997) p. 191; Duffy (1993) p. 207 n. 75; Duncan (1988) pp. 67–68; Easson (1986) pp. 21, 60, 133, 151; Munro, J; Munro, RW (1986) p. 283 nn. 13–14; Rixson (1982) p. 27 fig. 2; Steer; Bannerman; Collins (1977) p. 203; Macphail (1916) p. 235; Thomson, JM (1912) pp. 428–29 § 9; MacDonald; MacDonald (1896) pp. 495–96; Origines Parochiales Scotiae (1854) pp. 201, 363, 366; Robertson (1798) p. 2 § 53.
- ^ a b Boardman, S (2006) pp. 45–46.
- ^ Jack (2016) pp. 262–63 tab. 1, 264 tab. 2; Penman, M (2014) p. 39; Beam (2012) p. 58, 58 n. 23; Caldwell, DH (2012) p. 284; McNamee (2012) ch. 5 ¶ 51; Brown, M (2011) p. 13, 13 n. 55; Findlater (2011) p. 69; Barrow, LG (2010) p. 4; Young; Stead (2010) p. 92; Scott (2009) ch. 8 ¶ 44; Barrow, GWS (2008); Boardman, S (2006) p. 46; Barrow, GWS (2005) pp. 184, 219, 245–46 tab. ii; McDonald (2004) p. 188; Cannon; Hargreaves (2001) p. 142; Roberts (1999b) p. 132; McDonald (1997) p. 189; Goldstein (1991) p. 279 n. 32.
- ^ Jack (2016) pp. 262–63 tab. 1, 264 tab. 2; Penman, M (2014) pp. 27, 39; Daniels (2013) p. 95; McNamee (2012) ch. 5 ¶ 51; Brown, M (2011) p. 13; Young; Stead (2010) p. 22 tab.; Duncan (2008); Boardman, S (2006) p. 46; Barrow, GWS (2005) pp. 58, 184, 219, 245–46 tab. ii; Watson (2004a); Watson (2004b); Ross (2003) p. 171; Cannon; Hargreaves (2001) p. 142.
- ^ Jack (2016) pp. 84, 84 n. 219, 253; Brown, M (2011) p. 15; Oram, RD (2003) p. 64, 64 n. 84.
- ^ Jack (2016) p. 84 n. 219; Beam (2012) p. 58, 58 n. 23; Caldwell, DH (2012) p. 284; McNamee (2012) ch. 5 ¶ 51; Findlater (2011) p. 69; Young; Stead (2010) p. 92; Scott (2009) ch. 8 ¶¶ 43–44; Boardman, S (2006) p. 46; McDonald (2006) p. 79; Barrow, GWS (2005) pp. 219, 246 tab. ii; McDonald (2004) p. 188; Oram, RD (2003) p. 64 n. 84; Roberts (1999b) p. 132; McDonald (1997) pp. 189, 258 genealogical tree ii n. 1; Duncan (1996) pp. 582–83; Goldstein (1991) p. 279 n. 32; Munro, J; Munro, RW (1986) p. 283 n. 13; Barrow, GWS (1973) p. 380.
- ^ Boardman, S (2006) p. 46.
- ^ Boardman, S (2006) p. 55 n. 61.
- ^ Oram, RD (2008) p. 182; Tabraham (2005) pp. 29, 111; McNeill, TE (2002) p. 154; Homann (2001) p. 245.
- ^ Stell (2014) pp. 273; Boardman, S (2006) p. 46; Stell (2006) p. 26 § 2.2; Fisher (2005) p. 91; Murray, A (1998) p. 5; McDonald (1997) pp. 189–90 n. 120, 238 n. 11; Document 3/0/0 (n.d.).
- ^ Stell (2006) pp. 46 § 3.1, 65 3.2; Raven (2005a) p. 265; Murray, A (1998) p. 4; Munro, J; Munro, RW (1986) pp. xxix, 10–11 § 7; MacDonald; MacDonald (1896) pp. 502–03; Thomson, JM (1912) pp. 189 § 520.
- ^ Munro, J; Munro, RW (1986) p. 288 tab. 2.
- ^ Raven (2005b) fig. 13; Munro, J; Munro, RW (1986) p. 279 tab. 1.
- ^ Addyman; Oram (2012) § 2.2; Raven (2005a) p. 265; Murray, A (1998) p. 5; McDonald (1997) p. 238 n. 11.
- ^ Stell (2014) p. 273; Stell (2006) pp. 26 § 2.2, 46 § 3.1; Murray, A (1998) p. 5.
- ^ Stell (2014) pp. 273–74; Stell (2006) pp. 46 § 3.1, 65 3.2; Raven (2005a) pp. 265, 326; Murray, A (1998) pp. 4–5; Munro, J; Munro, RW (1986) p. xxix; Macphail (1914) p. 26.
- ^ Stell (2014) pp. 273–78, 295–96; Stell (2006) pp. 46–49 § 3.1, 70 § 3.2; Fisher (2005) p. 94; Castle Tioram (1999) p. 19; Murray; Ballin-Smith (1999) p. 5.
- ^ Hill (2014) p. 219; Daniels (2013) p. 94; Boardman, S (2006) pp. 45–46; Annals of Loch Cé (2008) § 1318.7; Annala Uladh (2005) § 1315.5; Annals of Loch Cé (2005) § 1318.7; Barrow, GWS (2005) p. 488 n. 104; Brown, M (2004) p. 265; Boardman, SI (2004); Caldwell, DH (2004) p. 72; Annala Uladh (2003) § 1315.5; Duffy (2002) pp. 61, 194 n. 64; Roberts (1999b) pp. 144, 181; Murray, A (1998) pp. 5–6; Duffy (1993) pp. 206–207; Steer; Bannerman; Collins (1977) p. 203; Murphy (1896) p. 281.
- ^ Boardman, S (2006) pp. 45–47; Ewan (2006); Proctor (2006).
- ^ Boardman, S (2006) pp. 46–47; Boardman, SI (2005) p. 149 n. 4; Fisher (2005) p. 91; Raven (2005a) p. 63; Boardman, SI (2004); Campbell of Airds (2000) pp. 71–72, 114–15, 226; Roberts (1999b) p. 200; McDonald (1997) pp. 189–90 n. 120; Munro, J; Munro, RW (1986) pp. 11 § 7, 283 n. 13; Barrow, GWS (1980) p. 139 n. 110; Macphail (1914) pp. 110–11; Origines Parochiales Scotiae (1854) p. 201, 201 n. 1; Document 3/0/0 (n.d.).
- ^ Boardman, S (2006) p. 46; Boardman, SI (2004).
- ^ a b Campbell of Airds (2004) pp. 142–43; Campbell of Airds (2000) pp. 71–72, 114–15, 226.
- ^ Boardman, S (2006) p. 54 n. 56; Thomson, JM (1912) p. 535 § 368.
- ^ Boardman, S (2006) pp. 45, 54 n. 56; Boardman, SI (2005) pp. 124, 149 n. 4; Campbell of Airds (2004) p. 142; Campbell of Airds (2000) pp. xiv, xviii, 70, 74–75, 114, 225–26.
- ^ Boardman, S (2006) pp. 46–47; Boardman, SI (2005) p. 149 n. 4; Campbell of Airds (2004) p. 142; Campbell of Airds (2000) pp. 71–72, 114–15, 226.
- ^ Campbell of Airds (2004) p. 142; Campbell of Airds (2000) pp. xviii, 70, 74, 114, 225–26.
- ^ Birch (1905) p. 135 pl. 20.
- ^ Penman, M (2014) pp. 259–60, 391 n. 166; Penman, MA (2014) pp. 74–75, 74–75 n. 42; Petre (2014) p. 272; Barrow, GWS (2005) p. 389; Brown, M (2004) p. 267 n. 18; McQueen (2002) p. 287; Murray, N (2002) p. 224; Roberts (1999b) p. 181; McDonald (1997) p. 187; Munro, J; Munro, RW (1986) p. 283 n. 15; Reid (1984) p. 416; Steer; Bannerman; Collins (1977) p. 203, 203 n. 12; Duncan; Brown (1956–1957) p. 205 n. 9; Thomson, JM (1912) p. 557 § 699; The Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland (1844) p. 483 § 14; RPS, A1325/2 (n.d.a); RPS, A1325/2 (n.d.b).
- ^ Cameron (2014) pp. 153–54; Penman, MA (2014) pp. 74–75 n. 42; Petre (2014) pp. 272, 268 tab.; McQueen (2002) p. 287 n. 18; Murray, N (2002) p. 224; McDonald (1997) p. 187; Steer; Bannerman; Collins (1977) p. 203, 203 n. 12.
- ^ Penman, M (2014) pp. 259, 391 n. 166; Penman, MA (2014) pp. 74–75; Penman, M (2008); Penman, MA (2005) pp. 28, 84.
- ^ a b Penman, M (2014) pp. 259–60.
- ^ Penman, M (2008).
- ^ Argyll: An Inventory of the Monuments (1971) p. 182 § 316; Dunbar; Duncan (1971) p. 14.
- ^ Dunbar; Duncan (1971) p. 14.
- ^ a b Penman, M (2014) p. 260; Penman, MA (2014) pp. 74–75 n. 42.
- ^ Oram, RD (2008) p. 176.
- ^ Boardman, S (2006) p. 55 n. 62; Campbell of Airds (2000) pp. 71–72.
- ^ Penman, M (2014) p. 260; Boardman, S (2006) pp. 46–47.
- ^ Penman, M (2014) p. 260.
- ^ Penman, M (2014) p. 260; Boardman, S (2006) pp. 46–47; Campbell of Airds (2000) pp. 71–72; Macphail (1914) pp. 110–11; Document 3/0/0 (n.d.).
- ^ Boardman, S (2006) p. 47.
- ^ Boardman, S (2006) pp. 46–47.
- ^ Penman, M (2014) p. 260; Boardman, S (2006) pp. 47–48; McNeill, DJ (1981) pp. 3–4; Origines Parochiales Scotiae (1854) pp. 34–35; Thomson, T (1836) pp. 6–8.
- ^ Penman, M (2014) p. 245; Boardman, S (2006) pp. 44–45; Duncan (1988) p. 242; Dunbar; Duncan (1971) p. 14.
- ^ Penman, M (2014) pp. 245–46; Boardman, S (2006) pp. 44–45; Thomson, JM (1912) pp. 533–34 §§ 350–53, 535 § 368.
- ^ Penman, M (2014) p. 245; Document 1/53/197 (n.d.).
- ^ Penman, M (2014) p. 292; RPS, 1318/22 (n.d.a); RPS, 1318/22 (n.d.b).
- ^ Penman, MA (2014) p. 79; Penman, MA (2005) p. 126; Amours (1908) pp. 172–75; MacDonald; MacDonald (1896) p. 502; Laing (1872) p. 472 §§ 6127–34.
- ^ Daniels (2013) pp. 25, 94.
- ^ Daniels (2013) pp. 94–95; Boardman, SI (2004).
- ^ Penman, MA (2014) p. 77, 77 n. 51; Boardman, SI (2004); Daniels (2013) pp. 94–95; Brown, M (2004) p. 270; Murray, A (1998) p. 6; Munro, J; Munro, RW (1986) pp. 242 § B22, 283 n. 17, 286 n. 1; Macphail (1914) pp. 25 n. 1, 73–75; Thomson, JM (1911); Stuart (1798) p. 446.
- ^ Cathcart (2006) p. 101 n. 6; Munro, J; Munro, RW (1986) p. 283 n. 17; Macphail (1914) p. 25.
- ^ Daniels (2013) pp. 94–95; Boardman, SI (2004); Penman, MA (2001) p. 166; Boardman, S (1996b) pp. 30–31 n. 60.
- ^ Webster (2004).
- ^ Daniels (2013) pp. 94–95; Caldwell, D (2008) p. 52; Boardman, S (2006) p. 62; Boardman, SI (2004); Penman, MA (2001) p. 166; Boardman, S (1996b) pp. 30–31 n. 60.
- ^ Penman, MA (2014) p. 77; Daniels (2013) p. 95; Addyman; Oram (2012) § 2.3; Ross (2012) p. 4; Caldwell, D (2008) p. 52; Boardman, S (2006) p. 87; Raven (2005a) pp. 61, 64; Boardman, SI (2004); Penman, MA (2001) p. 166; Campbell of Airds (2000) p. 83; Williams (1997) p. 48; Easson (1986) pp. 85, 131, 158; Munro, J; Munro, RW (1986) pp. 208 § A3, 283 n. 16; Thomson, JM (1912) p. 569 § 861; MacDonald; MacDonald (1900) p. 743; Origines Parochiales Scotiae (1854) pp. 201, 335; Robertson (1798) pp. 48 § 3, 99, 100 § 2; Document 1/54/72 (n.d.).
- ^ Raven (2005a) p. 61.
- ^ Raven (2005a) p. 61; Thomson, JM (1912) p. 569 § 861; MacDonald; MacDonald (1900) p. 743; Origines Parochiales Scotiae (1854) p. 201; Robertson (1798) pp. 48 § 3, 99, 100 § 2.
- ^ Daniels (2013) pp. 35, 91, n. 91 n. 287; Boardman, S (2006) pp. 60, 86 n. 31, 86–87 n. 32; Brown, M (2004) pp. 269–70; Oram, RD (2004) p. 124; MacDonald; MacDonald (1896) pp. 496–97; Bain (1887) pp. 213–14 § 1182; Rymer; Holmes (1740) pt. 3 p. 152.
- ^ Oram, RD (2004) p. 124.
- ^ Chesshyre; Woodcock; Grant et al. (1992) p. 251; The Balliol Roll (n.d.).
- ^ Chesshyre; Woodcock; Grant et al. (1992) p. 277; The Balliol Roll (n.d.).
- ^ Ross (2012) p. 4; Penman, MA (2005) p. 99; Boardman, SI (2004); Murray, N (2002) p. 230; Penman, MA (2001) p. 166; Boardman, S (1996b) p. 101 n. 43; Munro (1986) pp. 59–61; Munro, J; Munro, RW (1986) pp. 208 § A4, 283 n. 16; MacDonald; MacDonald (1900) p. 744; Thomson, JM (1912) p. 569 § 860; Origines Parochiales Scotiae (1854) p. 99; Robertson (1798) p. 48 § 2.
- ^ Penman, MA (2005) p. 99; Penman, MA (2001) p. 166.
- ^ Boardman, SI (2004); Boardman, S (1996b) p. 101 n. 43.
- ^ MacInnes (2016) pp. 120–21; Daniels (2013) pp. 28, 95, 112; Penman, MA (2005) pp. 99, 126; Boardman, SI (2004); Brown, M (2004) p. 271; Homann (2001) p. 111; Roberts (1999b) p. 181; Boardman, S (1996b) p. 101 n. 43;.
- ^ MacInnes (2016) pp. 120–21; Cochran-Yu (2015) p. 86; Penman, MA (2005) p. 126; Boardman, SI (2004); Brown, M (2004) p. 271; Murray, A (1998) p. 6.
- ^ MacInnes (2016) pp. 120–21; Cochran-Yu (2015) p. 86; Boardman, S (2012) pp. 235–36 n. 15; Brown, M (2004) p. 271; Oram, RD (2004) p. 124; Homann (2001) p. 111; Scott; Watt; Morét et al. (1996) pp. 252–53; Goodall (1759) pp. 339–40.
- ^ Oram, R (2017) p. 35 n. 129; MacInnes (2016) pp. 120–21; Penman, MA (2014) p. 79; Penman, MA (2005) p. 126; Homann (2001) p. 111; Munro, J; Munro, RW (1986) p. 283 n. 16; Amours (1908) pp. 172–75; MacDonald; MacDonald (1896) p. 502; Laing (1872) pp. 471–72 §§ 6111–38.
- ^ Penman, MA (2005) p. 126; Cokayne; White (1949) p. 146 n. d; Skene (1880) p. 223 bk. 9 ch. 40; Skene (1877) p. 292 bk. 9 ch. 40.
- ^ Penman, MA (2014) p. 79; Penman, MA (2005) p. 126; Macphail (1914) p. 18, 18 n. 1.
- ^ MacInnes (2016) pp. 120–21; Cochran-Yu (2015) p. 86; Penman, MA (2014) p. 79; Daniels (2013) p. 112; Webster (2011); Munro, R; Munro, J (2008); Penman, MA (2005) pp. 1–2, 99, 126, 158; Brown, M (2004) pp. 247, 271; Oram, RD (2004) p. 124; Penman, MA (2001) pp. 166, 175–76; Duncan (1998) pp. 261, 268; Boardman, S (1997) p. 39; Munro (1986) p. 62; Cokayne; White (1949) p. 146, 146 n. d.
- ^ Daniels (2013) pp. 28, 112.
- ^ MacInnes (2016) p. 121.
- ^ Daniels (2013) pp. 112–13.
- ^ Daniels (2013) p. 28.
- ^ Brown, M (2004) p. 271; Duncan (1998) p. 268.
- ^ Caldwell, D (2008) pp. 52–53; Duncan (1998) p. 268.
- ^ Lynch (1991) p. 65.
- ^ Stell (2014) p. 273; Daniels (2013) pp. 25, 90–91, 95; Caldwell, D (2008) p. 52; Boardman, SI (2004); Brown, M (2004) p. 271; Munro, RW; Munro, J (2004); Oram, RD (2004) p. 124; Roberts (1999b) p. 181; Duncan (1998) p. 268 n. 6; Munro, J; Munro, RW (1986) pp. xxviii, 283–84 n. 17.
- ^ Proctor (2006); Boardman, SI (2004); Oram, RD (2004) p. 124; Munro (1981) p. 24; Bliss (1897) p. 381; Theiner (1864) p. 294 § 588.
- ^ Penman, MA (2014) p. 79.
- ^ Boardman, S (1996b) p. 12.
- ^ Cathcart (2006) p. 101 n. 6; Murray, A (1998) p. 6; Macphail (1914) p. 26.
- ^ Boardman, SI (2006).
- ^ Holden; Boardman; McNeill et al. (2017) p. 210 n. 4; Cameron (2014) p. 157; Penman, MA (2014) p. 86; Proctor (2006); Penman, MA (2005) p. 158 n. 53; Raven (2005a) p. 66; Oram, RD (2004) p. 128; Campbell of Airds (2000) p. 95; Murray, A (1998) p. 6; Boardman, S (1996b) p. 90; Munro, J; Munro, RW (1986) p. 209 § A6; Thomson, JM (1912) pp. 147 § 412, 201 § 551; RPS, 1372/3/15 (n.d.a); RPS, 1372/3/15 (n.d.b).
- ^ Holden; Boardman; McNeill et al. (2017) pp. 210–211 n. 4; Ross (2012) p. 4; Proctor (2006); Boardman, SI (2004); Murray, A (1998) pp. 6–7, 38 n. 19; Boardman, S (1996b) p. 90; Munro, J; Munro, RW (1986) pp. 10–11 § 7, 209 § A7, 287 n. 3; Thomson, JM (1912) p. 189 § 520; MacDonald; MacDonald (1896) pp. 502–03; Robertson (1798) p. 136 § 18.
- ^ Oram, RD (2004) p. 128.
- ^ Stell (2014) p. 274; Ross (2012) p. 4; Caldwell, D (2008) p. 55; Stell (2006) p. 46 § 3.1; Raven (2005a) p. 66; Raven (2005b) fig. 15; Munro, RW; Munro, J (2004); MacGregor (2000) p. 136; Munro, J; Munro, RW (1986) p. 287 n. 3.
- ^ Ross (2012) p. 4; Boardman, SI (2004); Brown, M (2004) p. 333; Roberts (1999a) p. 6; Grant (1998) p. 79; Boardman, S (1996a) pp. 9, 26 n. 46; Boardman, S (1996b) pp. 7, 28 n. 31; Atholl (1908) pp. 26–27.
- ^ Boardman, S (1996a) p. 9.
- ^ Annals of the Four Masters (2013a) § 1342.2; Annals of the Four Masters (2013b) § 1342.2; Annála Connacht (2011a) § 1342.3; Annála Connacht (2011b) § 1342.3; Annala Uladh (2005) § 1339.2; McLeod (2005) p. 46; Annala Uladh (2003) § 1339.2; Roberts (1999a) p. 8; Boardman, S (1996a) p. 9; AU 1339 (n.d.); Mac Ruaidhri (n.d.); Raid Resulting from Political Encounter (n.d.); The Annals of Connacht, p. 287 (n.d.).
- ^ Roberts (1999a) p. 10; Boardman, S (1996a) p. 9; Boardman, S (1996b) p. 7.
- ^ Boardman, S (1996a) p. 9; Boardman, S (1996b) p. 7.
- ^ Boardman, S (1996b) p. 28 n. 31; Munro, J; Munro, RW (1986) p. 298 n. 2, 298 tab. 4.
- ^ Boardman, S (1996b) p. 28 n. 31.
- ^ Boardman, S (1996a) p. 26 n. 46; Boardman, S (1996b) pp. 106–07 n. 104; Meek (1990) pp. 352–57; M'Lachlan; Skene (1862) pp. (pt. 1) 30–34, (pt. 2) 20–23.
- ^ Boardman, S (1996a) p. 26 n. 46; Boardman, S (1996b) pp. 106–07 n. 104.
- ^ Boardman, S (1996a) p. 26 n. 46.
- ^ Boardman, S (2006) p. 126; Boardman, SI (2005) p. 133; Campbell of Airds (2004) p. 142; Campbell of Airds (2000) pp. 114–16, 226; Brown, MH (1991) pp. 290–91; Watt (1987) p. 261; Origines Parochiales Scotiae (1854) p. 201; Turnbull (1842) p. 232; Goodall (1759) p. 489 bk. 16 ch. 15; Hearnius (1722) pp. 1283–84.
- ^ Boardman, S (2006) pp. 126, 137 n. 53; Campbell of Airds (2004) p. 142; Campbell of Airds (2000) pp. 114–16, 226.
- ^ a b c Petre (2014) p. 268 tab.; Brown, M (2004) p. 77 fig. 4.1; Sellar (2000) p. 194 tab. ii.
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External links
- "Reginald [MacRuari], son of Rory of the Isles". People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1371.