Retching

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Retching
SpecialtyGastroenterology

Retching (also known as dry heaving) is the reverse movement (

electrolyte balance
.

Physiology

The retching phase is characterized by a series of violent spasmodic

antrum, thickened quickly, came together and completely closed the antrum.[4] Retching involves a deep inspiration against a closed glottis. This, along with contraction of the abdomen, leads to a pressure difference between the abdominal and thoracic cavities. As a result, the stomach and gastric contents are displaced upwards toward the thoracic cavity.[5]

Retching comprises a rhythmically alternating (about once per second) elevation and descension of the entire pharyngolaryngo-esophago-gastric apparatus in synchrony with the movement of the diaphragm. The function of retching may be to mix gastric contents with intestinal refluxate to buffer gastric contents before gastroesophageal reflux and to impart a momentum to the gastric contents before vomiting. Airway protection during retching is accomplished by glottal closure during retches and constriction of the

upper esophageal sphincter between retches.[2]

Versus vomiting

Vomiting (the expulsion of gastric contents) is usually preceded by retching, but retching and vomiting can occur separately

thoracic pressure is decreased and abdominal pressure is increased, which may serve to position gastric contents and overcome esophageal resistance.[6] Conversely, a vomit occurs with increased thoracic and abdominal pressure. Retches and vomits are commonly lumped together in behavioral analyses and consequently the neural controls for these processes are not well delineated.[8]

Treatments

The treatments for significant retching include correction of fluid and electrolyte balance, nutritional support and medications like

anticholinergics (scopolamine). Alternative approaches are also available. The best-studied alternative therapy is perhaps the use of acupressure for pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting.[citation needed] Wristbands with acupressure buttons are commercially available. An implanted device with attached electrodes into the gastric wall can be an option for patients with refractory nausea and vomiting.[9]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Vomiting and Nausea". eMedicine. February 12, 2012.
  2. ^
    PMID 12181164
    .
  3. ^ Schindler, R (1937). Gastroscopy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 145.
  4. ^ Keet, AD (1998). "Nausea, Retching, and Vomiting". The Pyloric Sphincteric Cylinder in Health and Disease. PLiG. p. 122.
  5. ISBN 0-323-03390-3
    .
  6. ^
    PMID 2178756
    .
  7. ^ Grelot, L; Miller, AD (1994). "Vomiting - Its Ins and Outs". News in Physiological Sciences. 9 (3): 142–147.
  8. PMID 17996982
    . nihmsid: NIHMS42868.
  9. ^ Porter, Ryan F.; Gyawali, C. Prakash. "Nausea and Vomiting". Patient Education & Resource Center. American College of Gastroenterology.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Retching&oldid=1217575110"