Running Antelope
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Running Antelope | |
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TaTokala Íŋyaŋke | |
Hunkpapa leader | |
Personal details | |
Born | c. 1821 Grand River, South Dakota |
Died | 1896 (aged 74–75) |
Resting place | Long Hill Cemetery, Little Eagle South Dakota |
Running Antelope or Tȟatȟóka Íŋyaŋke (c. 1821–1896) became a head chief of the Húŋkpapȟa in 1851. Known for his bravery in war, and skills in oratory and diplomacy, Running Antelope was one of four Huŋkpapȟa principal chiefs who acted as close advisors to Sitting Bull during the Plains Indian Wars.[1] His belief that compromise with the whites was in their best interests led to his eventually distancing himself from Sitting Bull. He is the only Native American depicted on U.S. paper money, but the picture caused ill will as the Series 1899 $5 Silver Certificate pictured Running Antelope as a chief wearing a Pawnee head dress as the original Sioux head dress was too tall for the engraving.[2]
Early life
When Running Antelope was born near the Grand River, presently South Dakota, in 1821, few white men were in the area. Consequently, he grew up in the old traditions of his people. He learned to ride and hunt, and later went on horse-stealing expeditions and war parties and joined the secret societies. By the time he reached manhood things had changed. The whites were more numerous, and the Native Americans were forced to adapt to the new conditions. Many Sioux took up arms and became strong in warfare; the Hunkpapas, one of the smaller bands of the Tetons, became one of the strongest. Running Antelope, however, was one of the first Hunkpapas to reject the warpath and become a friend of the whites. Running Antelope, in his earlier years, was closely allied with Sitting Bull, who was eleven years his junior. Running Antelope, a band chief, was prominent among the Lakota.
Hunkpapa leader
In 1851, Running Antelope was elected one of four "shirt wearers" of the
Last buffalo hunt
He was chosen to lead the last great Sioux
Later life and death
On the 1885 Standing Rock ration list, he had ten lodges and 42 people in his care. Wahacanka Sapa (Black Shield); Mato Luta (Red Bear); Edwin Phelps Aknan Iyanke (Runs on It); Mato Hotanka (Loud Voice Bear); Rlaya Wakua (Chase Rattling); Winkta Yuza (Married to Hermaphrodite); Cante Witko (Fool Heart); Pte San Waste Win (Pretty Grey Cow); Tatanka He Ksa (Broken Horn Bull). He died between June 30, 1896, and June 30, 1897. He is buried at the Long Hill Cemetery east of Little Eagle, South Dakota.
In 1899, Running Antelope was pictured on the Five-Dollar Silver Certificate. There have been multiple attempts to replace Andrew Jackson on the $20 bill with Running Antelope.[4]
References
- ^ "Running Antelope". american-tribes.com. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
- ^ "5 Dollars, Silver Certificate, United States, 1899". National Museum of American History. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
- ISSN 0033-5630.
- ^ Russell, Steve. "Why Sitting Bull Isn't Replacing Andrew Jackson on the $20". ICT. Retrieved September 28, 2022.