STR analysis
Short tandem repeat (STR) analysis is a common
Forensic uses
STR analysis is a tool in
Each STR is polymorphic, but the number of alleles is very small. Typically each STR allele will be shared by around 5 - 20% of individuals. The power of STR analysis comes from looking at multiple STR loci simultaneously.[6] The pattern of alleles can identify an individual quite accurately. Thus STR analysis provides an excellent identification tool. The more STR regions that are tested in an individual the more discriminating the test becomes.[6] Given 10 loci, it can result in an error margin of 30%, or nearly one third of the time.[7]
From country to country, different STR-based DNA-profiling systems are in use. In North America, systems that amplify the
The true power of STR analysis is in its statistical power of discrimination. Because the 13 loci that are currently used for discrimination in CODIS are
In practice, the risk of contaminated-matching is much greater than matching a distant relative, such as contamination of a sample from nearby objects, or from left-over cells transferred from a prior test. The risk is greater for matching the most common person in the samples: Everything collected from, or in contact with, a victim is a major source of contamination for any other samples brought into a lab. For that reason, multiple control-samples are typically tested in order to ensure that they stayed clean, when prepared during the same period as the actual test samples. Unexpected matches (or variations) in several control-samples indicates a high probability of contamination for the actual test samples. In a relationship test, the full DNA profiles should differ (except for twins), to prove that a person was not matched as being related to their own DNA in another sample.[citation needed]
In biomedical research, STR profiles are used to authenticate cell lines.[9] Self-generated STR profiles can be compared with databases such as CLASTR (https://www.cellosaurus.org/cellosaurus-str-search/) or STRBase (https://strbase.nist.gov/). In addition, self-generated primary murine cell lines cultured before the first passaging can be matched with later passages, thus ensuring the identity of the cell line.
See also
- STR multiplex system
- Snpstr
- Y-STR
- List of Y-STR markers
- List of X-STR markers
- Earth Human STR Allele Frequencies Database
References
- ^ Image by Mikael Häggström, MD, using following source image: Figure 1 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International", from the following article:
Roberta Sitnik, Margareth Afonso Torres, Nydia Strachman Bacal, João Renato Rebello Pinho (2006). "Using PCR for molecular monitoring of post-transplantation chimerism". Einstein (Sao Paulo). 4 (2).{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ISBN 9780123745132.
- ^ National Commission on the Future of DNA Evidence (July 2002). "Using DNA to Solve Cold Cases" (PDF). U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved 2006-08-08.
- ^ https://dfs.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/dfs/page_content/attachments/STRmix%20Validation.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- PMID 28504203.
- ^ PMID 2780284.
- PMID 17339205.
- ^ Felch, Jason; et al. (July 20, 2008). "FBI resists scrutiny of 'matches'". Los Angeles Times. pp. P8.
- PMID 33317212.