Sandra Bartky
Sandra Bartky | |
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Born | Sandra Lee Schwartz May 5, 1935 University of Illinois at Chicago |
Sandra Lee Bartky (née Schwartz; May 5, 1935 – October 17, 2016) was a professor of
Education
Bartky held a BA, MA and PhD from the
Career
Sandra Lee Bartky published a book entitled Femininity and Domination which contains one of her most quoted works, "Foucault, Femininity and the Modernization of Patriarchal Power".
In 1971 Bartky also helped found the Gender and Women's Studies Program for the University of Illinois (Chicago) and the Society for Women in Philosophy.[2]
Foucault, Femininity, and the Modernization of Patriarchal Power
Feminist Sandra Lee Bartky wrote an article, “Foucault, Femininity, and the Modernization of Patriarchal Power” in 1988, detailing societally accepted “norms” for a woman's body and behavior and makes the point that women are often judged for their size and shape because their bodies reflect their personality and nature. Using this information, she explains her idea that the “ideal body of femininity is constructed” and states that this perfect woman reflects the cultural obsessions and preoccupations of that society.
Bartky explains that the body of the ideal female varies with time and is dependent on culture. In today's society, the ideal body is one that is “
Using all these rules, Bartky argues that “femininity is something in which virtually every woman is required to participate” and if women don't follow this strict methodology and violate these norms, they become “loose women.” She states that because the difference between men and women is not at all just sexual difference, femininity is constructed and by doing that society created a “practiced and subjected body on which an inferior status has been inscribed.” All these rules for the ideal feminine body reflect society's obsession with keeping women in check so that men can appear more powerful. Bartky concludes that "The ... project of femininity is a "setup": it requires such radical and extensive measures of bodily transformation that virtually every woman who gives herself to it is destined in some degree to fail."[4]
Feminist Involvement
In 1977, Bartky became an associate of the Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press (WIFP).[5] WIFP is an American nonprofit publishing organization. The organization works to increase communication between women and connect the public with forms of women-based media.
Published works
Books
- Bartky, Sandra Lee (1990). Femininity and Domination: Studies in the Phenomenology of Oppression. New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780415901864.
- Bartky, Sandra Lee; ISBN 9780253206824.
- Bartky, Sandra Lee (2002). Sympathy and Solidarity: and Other Essays. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9780847697793.
Chapters in books
- Bartky, Sandra Lee (2004), "Intimidation", in ISBN 9780742534803.
- Bartky, Sandra Lee (2005), "On psychological oppression", in ISBN 9781405116619.
- Bartky, Sandra Lee (2005), "Battered women, intimidation, and the law", in ISBN 9780195175356.
- Bartky, Sandra Lee (2009) [1997], "Fractured friendships", in Liinason, Mia; et al. (eds.), Friendship in feminist conversation: essays for Ulla M. Holm, Göteborg: Göteborgs universitet Distribution, Acta Universitatis Gothenburgensis, ISBN 9789173466721.
Journal articles
- Bartky, Sandra Lee (Fall 1975). "Toward a phenomenology of feminist consciousness". JSTOR 23557163.
External links
- Official website
- Quotes by Sandra Bartky.
- Sandra Lee Bartky Papers - Pembroke Center Archives, Brown University
References
- JSTOR 23557163.
- ^ ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-10-27.
- ^ Switala, Kristin. "Sandra Bartky". Center for Digital Discourse and Culture, Virginia Tech University.
- ^ Bartky, Sandra Lee (2012). Feminism & Foucault. pp. 61–86.
- ^ "Associates | The Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press". www.wifp.org. Retrieved 2017-06-21.