Sarcomonadea

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Sarcomonadea
Cercomonas
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Clade: Diaphoretickes
Clade: SAR
Phylum: Cercozoa
Subphylum: Monadofilosa
Superclass: Ventrifilosa
Class: Sarcomonadea
Cavalier-Smith
, 1993 stat. nov. 1995 emend. 2018
Subclasses and orders

The sarcomonads (from

cell surface without obvious cortical filamentous or membranous skeleton, two cilia without scales or hairs, tubular mitochondrial cristae, near-spherical extrusomes, and a microbody (probably a peroxisome) attached to the nucleus.[3]

History

In 1993

Cavalier-Smith described the sarcomonads as a subclass known as “Sarcomonadia”, an assemblage of unrelated cercozoans (thaumatomonads, proteomyxids, cercomonads...) and excavates (jakobids), in the now defunct class “Heteromitea”, in the old phylum “Opalozoa”. This subclass was created to lump together protozoa that have an anisokont type of zoospore (i.e. two cilia of different lengths), are non-thecate and have isodiametric extrusomes.[2]
Sarcomonadia was composed of three superorders:

  1. “Jakobidea” (orders
    dictyosome
    ;
  2. “Thaumatomonadidea” (order
    mitochondria
    ;
  3. Pseudosporida and Leucodictyida), made up of sarcomonads with an unusual intranuclear rod of microfilaments unseen in other protists.[2]

proteomyxids and jakobids.[5]

Later, in

Rhizopoda. This discovery put an end to the taxonomical dichotomy between amoebae and flagellates, since they are phylogenetically intermingled in Cercozoa.[6]

In 2003 the term Sarcomonadea was emended again to contain only two orders:

  1. Metopiida, comprising the single species Metopion fluens, but was later moved into a different class;
  2. Heteromitidae.[3]

In 2009 the problematic

Heteromitidae were broken apart and rearranged into the second current sarcomonad order Glissomonadida.[7]

In 2012 the

Paracercomonadida.[1] At the same time, the superclass Ventrifilosa was created to comprise Sarcomonadea, Imbricatea and Thecofilosea.[8] That same year, the protist Katabia was added to Sarcomonadea but remained incertae sedis within the group.[9]

Classification

The class Sarcomonadea is most closely related to

glissomonads (subclass Pediglissa).[1]

Class Sarcomonadea Cavalier-Smith, 1993 stat. nov. 1995 emend. 2018
 Subclass

Paracercomonada
Cavalier-Smith, 2018
  Order
Paracercomonadida
Cavalier-Smith, 2018
   Family Paracercomonadidae Cavalier-Smith, 2012
 Subclass Pediglissa Cavalier-Smith, 2018
  Order
Cercomonadida
Poche, 1913 emend. Cavalier-Smith
   Family Cavernomonadidae Cavalier-Smith, 2012
   Family
Cercomonadidae
Saville Kent 1880-1881, emend. Cavalier-Smith
  Order Glissomonadida Howe et al., 2009
   Suborder Allapsina Cavalier-Smith, 2018
    Family Allapsidae Howe et al., 2009
   Suborder Sandonina Cavalier-Smith, 2018
    Family Bodomorphidae Hollande, 1952
    Family Sandonidae Howe et al., 2009
    Family
Proleptomonadidae
Howe et al. 2009
   Suborder
Pansomonadina
Vickerman, 2005 stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith, 2018
    Family Viridiraptoridae Hess & Melkonian, 2013
    Family Agitatidae Cavalier-Smith & Bass, 2009
    Family Acinetactidae Stokes, 1886
    Family
Aurigamonadidae
Cavalier-Smith, 2011
 Sarcomonadea incertae sedis
  Family
Katabiidae
Cavalier-Smith, 2012

References

  1. ^
    PMID 29666938
    .
  2. ^
    S2CID 84129692
    .
  3. ^
    PMID 14658494
    .
  4. ISSN 0003-9365
    .
  5. ISSN 0003-9365
    .
  6. PMID 9809012
    .
  7. PMID 19324594
    .
  8. ^
    PMID 21839678
    .
  9. PMID 22209009
    .

External links

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