Saugeen and Cape Croker Fishing Islands 1
Saugeen and Cape Croker Fishing Islands 1 | ||
---|---|---|
County Bruce | | |
First Nations | Chippewas of Nawash and Saugeen | |
Area | ||
• Land | 10.1 ha (25.0 acres) |
Saugeen and Cape Croker Fishing Islands 1 is a First Nations reserve consisting of 89 islands in Lake Huron off the western coast of the Bruce Peninsula in Ontario. They extend north of Chief's Point 28 for 11 miles (18 km) up to Pike Bay.[1]: 140 These islands are shared between the Chippewas of Nawash Unceded First Nation and Saugeen First Nation.[2]
History
Fishing activity has been observed on the Bruce Peninsula as far back as 1000
Written accounts of the Native fishing activity were made as early as 1788.[7] Local factors of the Hudson's Bay Company at La Cloche Island[a] also made records of it, and trading activity began to occur in 1818 at the mouth of the Saugeen River.[8]
When the
European settlers would later participate in the fishing as well. Alexander Macgregor of Goderich would be the first to do so in 1831, establishing his headquarters on Main Station Island.
In 1834, Macgregor was displaced by the Niagara Fishing Company (in which William "Tiger" Dunlop was a part owner),[14] which secured the sole licence for the Islands. The Company would sell its licence in 1848 to several local fishermen in Southampton.[15]
In October 1885, these islands were surrendered under Treaties 222 and 223, in which they were described as:[16]
...those certain parcels or tracts of land and premises situate, lying and being in the Georgian Bay and Lake Huron and Province of Ontario, containing by admeasurement, be the same more or less, and being composed of all the islands owned by the said Band in Lake Huron and Georgian Bay, and known as the Saugeen Fishing Islands and Cape Hurd Islands,
The islands were described as being "fronted by a continuous shallow bank, extending in some cases to [1.5 miles (2.4 km)] offshore, but outside this bank the water is good and soon deepens to [10 fathoms (18 m)]."[1]: 140
In 1968, the title to 89 of the smaller islands in the group, totalling 10.1 hectares (25 acres) in area, was returned to Chippewa control.
Further reading
- Monkman, Irene; Fleming, Roy (1912). Oliphant and its Islands, Lake Huron: Historical and Descriptive Sketches. Toronto: Ojibway Crafts.
- Blair, Peggy J. (1996). "Solemn Promises and Solum Rights: The Saugeen Ojibway Fishing Grounds and R. v. Jones and Nadjiwon". Ottawa Law Review. 28 (1): 125–143.
- Koenig, Edwin C. (2000). Native Fishing Conflicts on the Saugeen-Bruce Peninsula: Perspectives on Resource Relations Past and Present (PhD). hdl:11375/14000.
Notes and references
Notes
- ^ east of Manitoulin Island
- ^ He would receive a licence of occupation, which allowed him to establish fishing stations in the islands.[11]
- ^ The latter of which is now part of Fathom Five National Marine Park
- Wiarton. They were surrendered in 1899.
References
- ^ .
- ^ "Reserve/Settlement/Village Detail". Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada. Government of Canada. April 9, 2019.
- ^ Koenig 2000, p. 51.
- ^ Koenig 2000, p. 53.
- ^ Koenig 2000, pp. 65–72.
- ^ Koenig 2000, p. 75.
- ^ Koenig 2000, p. 80.
- ^ Koenig 2000, pp. 81–82.
- ^ Indian treaties and surrenders, from 1680 to 1890. Vol. I. Ottawa: King's Printer. 1905. pp. 195–197.
- ^ Monkman & Fleming 1912, p. 8.
- ^ Koenig 2000, p. 104.
- ^ Koenig 2000, pp. 96–97.
- ^ Koenig 2000, pp. 97–98.
- ^ Koenig 2000, p. 105.
- ^ Monkman & Fleming 1912, pp. 9–10.
- ^ Indian treaties and surrenders, from 1680 to 1890. Vol. II. Ottawa: King's Printer. 1905. pp. 165–167.