Scotch yoke

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Scotch yoke animation

The Scotch yoke (also known as slotted link mechanism

rotational speed
.

Comparison of displacement and acceleration for a Scotch yoke compared with a crank and slider

Applications

Piston water pump, with a scotch yoke connection to its flywheel

This setup is most commonly used in control

oil and gas pipelines
.

Although not a common metalworking machine nowadays, crude shapers can use Scotch yokes. Almost all those use a Whitworth linkage, which gives a slow speed forward cutting stroke and a faster return.

It has been used in various internal combustion engines, such as the Bourke engine, SyTech engine, and many hot air engines and steam engines.

The term scotch yoke continues to be used when the slot in the yoke is shorter than the diameter of the circle made by the

driving axles.[2][3]

What is essentially a Scotch yoke is used in the Tide-Predicting Machine No. 2 to generate a sinusoidal motion (sine functions).

Internal combustion engine uses

Under ideal engineering conditions, force is applied directly in the line of travel of the assembly. The sinusoidal motion, cosinusoidal velocity, and sinusoidal acceleration (assuming constant angular velocity) result in smoother operation. The higher percentage of time spent at

wrist pin, and near elimination of piston skirts and cylinder scuffing, as side loading of piston due to sine of connecting rod angle is mitigated. The longer the distance between the piston and the yoke, the less wear that occurs, but greater the inertia, making such increases in the piston rod length realistically only suitable for lower RPM (but higher torque) applications.[5][6]

The Scotch yoke is not used in most internal combustion engines because of the rapid wear of the slot in the yoke caused by sliding friction and high contact pressures[

Otto cycle engines.[4] Gains might be more apparent in Otto cycle engines using a stratified direct injection (diesel or similar) cycle to reduce heat losses.[7]

Animation

Modifications

An improved Scotch yoke, with a means of absorbing sideways thrust, was patented in 1978 by William L. Carlson, Jr., U.S. patent 4,075,898.[8]

References

  1. ^ "ME 700 Mechanisms | EdLabQuip".
  2. ^ General Construction, Baldwin Gasoline Industrial Locomotives Baldwin Locomotive Works Record, No. 74, 1913; pages 7-9. The use of the scotch yoke is explained page 8.
  3. ^ Norman W. Storer, Electric Locomotive, U.S. patent 991,038, granted May 2, 1911. The use of the scotch yoke is discussed on page 2 of the text.
  4. ^ a b c "Science Links Japan | Effect of Piston Speed around Top Dead Centre on Thermal Efficiency". Sciencelinks.jp. 2009-03-18. Archived from the original on 2012-01-27. Retrieved 2011-12-06.
  5. ^ Bourke Engine Documentary, Published 1968, p50, "Appraising Engine Efficiency" para2
  6. ^ Bourke Engine Documentary, Published 1968, p51, "Important Factors in Engine Design"
  7. ^ "Effect of the Ratio Between Connecting-rod Length and Crank Radius on Thermal Efficiency". Science Links Japan. Archived from the original on 2008-01-28. Retrieved 2008-07-08.
  8. ^ "Patent US4075898 - Scotch yoke - Google Patents". Retrieved 2013-01-21.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Scotch yokes.
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