Selborne Society
The Selborne Society or Selborne League is Britain's oldest national conservation organization and a registered charity.[1] It was formed in November 1885 to "perpetuate the name and interests of Gilbert White, the Naturalist of Selborne", and followed the philosophy of observation rather than collection. Its object was the preservation of birds, plants and pleasant places.[2]
The society was founded by George Arthur Musgrave (1843 – 29 August 1912) and his wife Theresa of
Activities
Historically, the Selborne Society worked with the local legislature to encourage policies on conservation and environmentalism. It was one of the first organizations to raise public awareness in England concerning environmental issues, and acted as a leading example to international movements such as the American Ornithological Society. Although the Society originated from Selborne, it gained national popularity and soon established branches across the United Kingdom.[7]
Today, the Selborne Society owns and operates Perivale Wood Local Nature Reserve in London.
Reserves
The Selborne Society purchased local land enclosures for posterity in cultivating rare animal and plant wildlife. Volunteers were enlisted to maintain the enclosures and to report on the progress of reclaiming endangered species from extinction. In 1923, land in the Perivale Wood was purchased and memorialized to Gilbert White by an anonymous donor for approximately £5000. This reserve now houses more than 600 species of fungi, nearly 300 species of plant life, and has been visited by over 100 species of birds, including rare species like the northern gannet. Preservation also spanned into buildings of cultural importance, such as Tintern Abbey.[8][9]
Preservation of the natural landscape was also advocated by the Selborne Society, such as lauding the actions of the Hills Conservators who purchased a quarry in Malvern Hills to prevent the mountain range's disfigurement. Afforestation of East Anglia was also encouraged, as shown by the Society's approval of the region's progressive woodland farmers who cultivated quick-growing willow trees.[9]
Protests
The Society actively utilized legal pressure to further their goals in protecting the environment. Rampant advertising, the draining of marshes, and the hunting of rare birds were often the target of criticism for the League. In 1893, the Society drafted an advertisement regulation bill to the local parliament and suggested boycotting commodities advertised offensively. In 1903, The Society hired paid inspectors to investigate 1,298 cases of smoke pollution and report these to the local authorities. Protests also surfaced through public outcry in the Society's published magazine, usually in the form of letters to the editor.[7][10]
Lectures
The Selborne Society sponsored free public lectures to further awareness of environmental preservation. Led by doctorate intellectuals in England, the lecture topics spanned botany, ornithology, zoology, and geological history.[9]
Magazines
The Selborne Society published a members-only magazine for nearly three decades.[12]
Nature Notes
Nature Notes was first published in January 1890.
The magazine acted as a record of progress in the knowledge of natural objects and environmental awareness. Its editors combined scientific accuracy with digestible topics to further the Society's goal of informing the public of environmental issues of international policies, laws, or other concerns that could threaten natural species. Abstracts of scientific reports, correspondence between noted authorities, and sketch competitions were utilized to encourage public interest in environmental pursuits. Poems, letters, and observations of the environment were published from the Society's members and local hobbyists. Editors also provided reviews of local and international conservation movements, critiquing their contributions to the global environmentalist efforts.[8][9]
International response
The Selborne Society acted as a model for international environmental movements. The
Finances
The Selborne Society was funded almost exclusively by its members; in 1900, over 90% of the society's annual income of £41 came from subscriptions and donations, worth a total of $30,486 when adjusted for inflation. By 1924, over 60% of the society's income came from the sales of Nesting Boxes and Bird Baths. The World Wars had a drastic impact on the Society's income due to the necessity of the war effort, forcing many of its branches to cease function by the 1950s.[9]
References
- ^ "THE SELBORNE SOCIETY LIMITED, registered charity no. 267635". Charity Commission for England and Wales.
- ^ Musgrave, George A. (1893). "The Selborne Society". The Irish Naturalist. 2: 123–126.
- ^ a b c d Michael Blackmore (1985), The Selborne Society. Its Origin and History (PDF), The Selborne Society
- ^ Clarke, Richard (2004). Pioneers of conservation; The Selborne Society and the (Royal) Society for Preservation of Birds. The Selborne Society and Birkbeck College CEPAR, London, UK.
- ^ Greenway, Betty, ed. (2013). Twice-Told Children's Tales: The Influence of Childhood Reading on Writers for Adults. Routledge. p. 198.; Horatia K.F. Eden, "Preface" in J. H. Ewing, Mary's Meadow (1895) pp. ix-x
- ISBN 0907904246.
- ^ a b "The American Ornithologists' Union Committee on Bird-Protection". Science. 7: 205. 1886 – via JSTOR.
- ^ JSTOR 2255459.
- ^ . Retrieved 16 October 2018.
- ^ Ranlett, John (1983). "Checking Nature's Desecration: Late-Victorian Environmental Organization". Victorian Studies. 26: 197–222 – via JSTOR.
- ^ Musgrave, George (1901). "Nature Notes". Selborne Magazine. 12: 122–123 – via HathiTrust.
- ^ Boulger, Simonds (1890). The Selborne maganzine and "Nature notes,": the organ of the Selborne society. London: Sotheran & Co.: Selborne Society.