Shams al-Mulk Isma'il
| Shams al-Mulk Isma'il | |
|---|---|
Zumurrud | |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
Shams al-Mulk Isma'il (1113 – February 1, 1135) was the
from 1132 to 1135.Early life
Shams al-Mulk Isma'il, born in 1113,
Ailba, a female slave of Ismail's grandfather,
Ismail was murdered on February 1, 1135.[9] The author of the contemporaneous Damascus Chronicle of the Crusades accused Ismail's mother of ordering his servants to kill him, because Ismail also wanted to kill her lover.[7] She appointed her younger son Shihab al-Din Mahmud to rule Damascus.[7]
References
- ^ a b Maalouf 1984, p. 119.
- ^ Maalouf 1984, pp. 117, 120.
- ^ Barber 2012, p. 164.
- ^ a b c Maalouf 1984, p. 117.
- ^ a b c Lock 2006, p. 41.
- ^ Lock 2006, pp. 40–41.
- ^ a b c d e Maalouf 1984, p. 120.
- ^ Maalouf 1984, pp. 120–121.
- ^ Lock 2006, p. 42.
Sources
- Barber, Malcolm (2012). The Crusader States. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11312-9.
- Lock, Peter (2006). The Routledge Companion to the Crusades. Routledge. ISBN 9-78-0-415-39312-6.
- ISBN 978-0-86356-023-1.