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In chemistry, a hydridonitride (nitridohydride, nitride hydride, or hydride nitride) is a chemical compound that contains hydride (H⁻) and nitride (N³⁻) ions in a single phase. These inorganic compounds are distinct from inorganic amides and imides as the hydrogen does not share a bond with nitrogen, and contain a larger proportion of metals.

Structure

The hydride ion H⁻ is stabilised by being surrounded by

electropositive elements such as alkalis or alkaline earths.^[1] Quaternary compounds exist where nitrogen forms a complex with bonds to a transition or main group element. The hydride requires the presence of another alkaline earth element.^[1]

Production

Hydridonitrides may be produced by a process called self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) where a metal nitride is ignited in a hydrogen atmosphere.[2]

A metal (Ti, Zr, Hf, Y) can also be ignited in an atmosphere mixing hydrogen and nitrogen, and a hydridonitride is formed exothermicly.^[3]

The molten metal flux technique involves dissolving metal nitrides and hydrides in an excess of molten alkaline earth metal, by heating till everything is molten, and then cooling until crystals form, but the metal is still liquid. Draining the liquid metal (and centrifuging) leaves the crystals of hydridonitride behind. A eutectic molten metal allows it to be cooled more.^[1]

If liquid alkali metal is used as a flux to grow a hydridonitride crystal, excess metal can be removed using

liquid ammonia.^[4]

Properties

Some hydridonitride are sensitive to water vapour in air.^[5] For non-stoichimetric compounds, as the proportion of hydrogen increases, the unit cell dimensions also increase, so hydrogen is not merely filling holes.^[6] When heated to a sufficiently high temperature, hydridonitrides lose hydrogen first to form a metallic nitride or alloy.^[7]

One Lutetium hydride doped with nitrogen is claimed to be a superconductor at up to 21°C at a pressure of 1GPa, which is considerably lower than other polyhydrides.^[8]

List

name	formula	system	space group	unit cell (lengths in Å, volume in Å³)	structure	comment	optical	reference
lithium nitride hydride lithium hydridonitride	Li₄NH	tetragonal	I4₁/a	a = 4.9865, c = 9.877, V = 234.9, Z = 4			yellow	^[4]
calcium hydridonitride	Ca₂NH	cubic	Fd3m	a = 10.13, Z = 16			brown-black	^[5]
strontium hydridonitride	Sr₂NH		R3m	a = 3.870, c = 18.958			orange-yellow or black	^[9]
barium hydridonitride	Ba₂NH	hexagonal	R3m	a = 4.0262, c = 20.469		pure H⁻ conductor		^[10]
Titanium hydridonitride	TiN_0.3H_1.1							^[6]
	Ti_0.6Nb_0.4N_0.4H_1.1							^[6]
zirconium hydridonitride	ZrN_0.17H_1.65							^[2]
	Ti_0.88Zr_0.12N_0.28H_1.39							^[6]
	Zr_0.7Nb_0.3N_0.33H_1.15							^[6]
	Ti_0.7V_0.3N_0.23H_0.8							^[6]
Tribarium chromium trinitride hydride	Ba₃CrN₃H	hexagonal	P6₃/m	a = 8.0270, c = 5.6240, Z = 2 V=313.83	planar CrN₃^5–, octahedral HBa₆¹¹⁺	nonmagnetic insulator	green	^[11]
Hafnium hydridonitride	HfNH_0.6	hcp		a = 3.241, c = 5.198				^[7]
Hafnium hydridonitride	HfNH	hcp		a = 3.216, c = 5.259				^[7]
Thorium nitride hydride	ThNH₂	fcc		a = 5.596				^[12]
Lithium distrontium dihydride nitride	LiSr₂H₂N	orthorhombic	Pnma	a = 7.4714, b = 3.7028, c = 13.2986, Z = 4	[SrH₅N₂]⁹⁻, [SrH₄N₃]¹¹⁻, [LiH₃N]⁵⁻			^[13]
hexacalcium dichromium hexanitride hydride	Ca₆Cr₂N₆H		R3	a = 9.0042, c = 9.1898, Z = 3	planar CrN₃⁶⁻, CrN₃⁵⁻, octahedral Ca₆H¹¹⁺			^[1]^[14]
	Ba₃CrN₃H	hexagonal	P6₃/m	a = 8.0270, c = 5.6240, Z = 2	planar CrN₃⁵⁻; octahedral Ba₆H¹¹⁺			^[15]^[1]
tricalcium silicon trinitride hydride	Ca₃SiN₃H	monoclinic	C2/c	a = 5.236, b = 10.461, c = 16.389, β = 91.182°, Z = 8	SiN₄ tetrahedra in chains, Ca₆H octahedra			^[1]^[16]
Lithium dieuropium nitride trihydride	LiEu₂NH₃	orthorhombic	Pnma	a = 7.4213, b = 3.6726, c = 13.1281, Z = 4	[Eu³⁺H₇N₂]^10– and [Eu²⁺H₆N₃]^13–		ruby red	^[17]
Lutetium hydride nitride	LuH_3-xN_y		Fm3mImmm			super conductor at 1GPa and 21°C	red	^[18]^[8]

References

^
S2CID 73438467
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^
doi:10.1016/S0925-8388(01)01519-5
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S2CID 137089432
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^
ISSN 2197-4578
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^
doi:10.1016/0022-4596(76)90213-9
.

^
ISBN 978-94-010-0558-6
.

^
doi:10.1016/0360-3199(94)00059-9
.

^
ISSN 0028-0836
.

ISSN 0044-2313
.

doi:10.1016/0167-2738(94)90322-0
.

S2CID 73438467
.

doi:10.1016/0022-5088(81)90095-3
.

doi:10.1002/zaac.200700315
.

PMID 12950205
.

S2CID 239569566
.

PMID 28749660
.

doi:10.1002/zaac.201204051
.

doi:10.1038/d41586-023-00599-9. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help
)

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydridonitride&oldid=1143684614"

[falb-1] 
S2CID 73438467
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[ale-2] 
doi:10.1016/S0925-8388(01)01519-5
.

[3] S2CID 137089432
.

[:0-4] 
ISSN 2197-4578
.

[mot-5] 
doi:10.1016/0022-4596(76)90213-9
.

[:1-6] 
ISBN 978-94-010-0558-6
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[:2-7] 
doi:10.1016/0360-3199(94)00059-9
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[:3-8] 
ISSN 0028-0836
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[9] ISSN 0044-2313
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[10] :10.1016/0167-2738(94)90322-0
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[11] S2CID 73438467
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[12] :10.1016/0022-5088(81)90095-3
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[13] :10.1002/zaac.200700315
.

[14] PMID 12950205
.

[15] S2CID 239569566
.

[16] PMID 28749660
.

[17] :10.1002/zaac.201204051
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[18] :10.1038/d41586-023-00599-9. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help
)

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@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 ==Properties==
 Some hydridonitride are sensitive to [[Water vapor|water vapour]] in air.<ref name=mot/> For [[Non-stoichiometric compound|non-stoichimetric compounds]], as the proportion of hydrogen increases, the unit cell dimensions also increase, so hydrogen is not merely filling holes.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last1=Hampton|first1=Michael D.|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4otqCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA360|page=361|doi=10.1007/978-94-010-0558-6_35|chapter=Structural Peculiarities of Multicomponent Hydridonitrides on the Basis of Metals of IV–V Groups Produced by SHS Method|title=Hydrogen Materials Science and Chemistry of Metal Hydrides|last2=Schur|first2=Dmitry V.|last3=Zaginaichenko|first3=Svetlana Yu|last4=Trefilov|first4=V. I.|date=2012-12-06|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-94-010-0558-6|language=en}}</ref> When heated to a sufficiently high temperature, hydridonitrides lose hydrogen first to form a metallic nitride or alloy.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Dolukhanyan|first=S|date=May 1995|title=Interaction of hafnium with hydrogen and nitrogen in the combustion regime|journal=International Journal of Hydrogen Energy|language=en|volume=20|issue=5|pages=391–395|doi=10.1016/0360-3199(94)00059-9}}</ref>
+One Lutetium hydride doped with nitrogen is claimed to be a superconductor at up to 21°C at a pressure of 1GPa, which is considerably lower than other [[polyhydride]]<nowiki/>s.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Dasenbrock-Gammon |first=Nathan |last2=Snider |first2=Elliot |last3=McBride |first3=Raymond |last4=Pasan |first4=Hiranya |last5=Durkee |first5=Dylan |last6=Khalvashi-Sutter |first6=Nugzari |last7=Munasinghe |first7=Sasanka |last8=Dissanayake |first8=Sachith E. |last9=Lawler |first9=Keith V. |last10=Salamat |first10=Ashkan |last11=Dias |first11=Ranga P. |date=2023-03-09 |title=Evidence of near-ambient superconductivity in a N-doped lutetium hydride |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05742-0 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=615 |issue=7951 |pages=244–250 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05742-0 |issn=0028-0836}}</ref>
 ==List==
@@ Line 221: / Line 223: @@
 |<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Blaschkowski|first1=Björn|last2=Schleid|first2=Thomas|date=August 2012|title=Mixed-Valent Europium in the Nitride Hydride LiEu2NH3|journal=Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie|language=en|volume=638|issue=10|pages=1592|doi=10.1002/zaac.201204051}}</ref>
 |-
+|Lutetium hydride nitride
+|LuH<sub>3-x</sub>N<sub>y</sub>
+|
+|''Fm''{{overbar|3}}''mImmm''
+|
+|
+|super conductor at 1GPa and 21°C
+|red
+|<ref>{{Cite journal |title= |journal= |doi=10.1038/d41586-023-00599-9}}</ref><ref name=":3" />
 |}