Conquest of Sindan: Difference between revisions

Battle of Sindan
	; Sandhan fort
Date	839 A.D.
Location	Sindan
Result	Rajput victory
Territorial; changes	Arab garrison.
Belligerents
Abbasid Caliphate Sind (caliphal province);	Gurjara Pratihara dynasty
Commanders and leaders
Imran ibn Musa Mahan ibn al-Fadl	Mihira Bhoja

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Revision as of 07:16, 29 May 2024

Sind.The Arabs of Sind and Multan regularly tried to extend their sway over the adjoining territories. In 839 AD, Arabs lost fort Sindan to Mihira Bhoja.^[1]

Background

The governors of Sind in the

Abbasid caliphs were declining in power and could not support their distant viceroys with adequate resources.^[4] The Arabs realised that Vatsaraja and Nagabhata II are formidable enemies and didn't attempted raids on the mainland.^[5]

Conquest of Sindan by al-Fadl ibn Mahin

The historical account of Sindan's conquest begins with al-Fadl ibn Mahin, a freedman of the Banu Samah tribe. Under his leadership, Sindan was successfully subdued and brought under Islamic control. Demonstrating his loyalty to the Abbasid Caliphate, al-Fadl ibn Mahin sent an elephant as a gift to the Caliph al-Ma'mun, initiated correspondence with him, and invoked blessings upon the Caliph in a newly constructed cathedral mosque in Sindan.

Upon al-Fadl's death, his son Muhammad ibn al-Fadl ibn Mahin succeeded him. Muhammad ibn al-Fadl continued his father's legacy of military prowess. He led an expedition comprising a fleet of 70 warships against the Mid of al-Hind. This campaign was marked by significant violence, resulting in the death of many Mid inhabitants and the conquest of Fali. After this successful military campaign, Muhammad returned to Sindan. Another notable figure in this narrative is Mahan ibn al-Fadl, Muhammad's brother. Mahan established his control over

Abbasid Caliph al-Mu'tasim-billah by sending him an extraordinarily large and long turban, a gesture symbolizing respect and submission.^[6]

Conquest by Bhoja

Within a year of

Kathiawad.^[8]

"But the Hindus were under the sway of his brother, and they turned against Mahan, killed him and crucified him. Then later the Hindus got control of Sindan, but they left its mosque for the Moslems to assemble in and pray for the caliph"
— Kitab Futuh Al-buldan, [2]

Aftermath

The regions of

Saffarids.^[10]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d early-Hindu-islamic-conflict-richards. p. 96.
^ ^a ^b Al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Jabir (1924). The Origins of the Islamic State, Vol. 2 [Kitab Futuh Al-Buldan]. Translated by Francis Clark Murgotten. New York: Columbia University. p. 233.
^ Al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Jabir (1924). The Origins of the Islamic State, Part II. Translated by Francis Clark Murgotten. New York: Columbia University. pp. 225–229.
^ ^a ^b Ray, H. C. (1931). Dynastic History Of Northern India Vol. 1. p. 12.
^ K.m. Munshi. Glory That Was Gurjara Desa Ad 550 1300. p. 113.
^ Ray, H. C. (1931). Dynastic History Of Northern India Vol. 1. p. 13.
^ early-Hindu-islamic-conflict-richards. p. 95.
^ R. C. Majumdar (2009). History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 04, The Age Of Imperial Kanauj. Public Resource. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
^ Praful Kartha. The History Of The Gurjara Pratiharas Baij Nath Puri.
^ Ray, Hem Chandra (1973). The Dynastic History of Northern India (early Mediaeval Period). Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. pp. 12, 13.

[auto-1] early-Hindu-islamic-conflict-richards. p. 96.

[auto1-2] Al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Jabir (1924). The Origins of the Islamic State, Vol. 2 [Kitab Futuh Al-Buldan]. Translated by Francis Clark Murgotten. New York: Columbia University. p. 233.

[3] Al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Jabir (1924). The Origins of the Islamic State, Part II. Translated by Francis Clark Murgotten. New York: Columbia University. pp. 225–229.

[auto2-4] Ray, H. C. (1931). Dynastic History Of Northern India Vol. 1. p. 12.

[5] K.m. Munshi. Glory That Was Gurjara Desa Ad 550 1300. p. 113.

[6] Ray, H. C. (1931). Dynastic History Of Northern India Vol. 1. p. 13.

[7] early-Hindu-islamic-conflict-richards. p. 95.

[8] R. C. Majumdar (2009). History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 04, The Age Of Imperial Kanauj. Public Resource. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.

[9] Praful Kartha. The History Of The Gurjara Pratiharas Baij Nath Puri.

[10] Ray, Hem Chandra (1973). The Dynastic History of Northern India (early Mediaeval Period). Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. pp. 12, 13.

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@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 | place = [[Sandhan|Sindan]]
 | date = 839 A.D.<ref name="auto">{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/early-Hindu-islamic-conflict-richards |title=early-Hindu-islamic-conflict-richards |pages=96 |language=English}}</ref>
-| result = [[Gurjara Pratihara dynasty|Gurjara Pratihara]] victory<ref name="auto">{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/early-Hindu-islamic-conflict-richards |title=early-Hindu-islamic-conflict-richards |pages=96 |language=English}}</ref>
+| result = Rajput victory<ref name="auto">{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/early-Hindu-islamic-conflict-richards |title=early-Hindu-islamic-conflict-richards |pages=96 |language=English}}</ref>
 | combatant1 = [[File:Abbasid banner.svg|Abbasid banner|20px]] [[Abbasid Caliphate]]{{bulleted | [[Sind (caliphal province)]]}}
 | combatant2 = [[Gurjara Pratihara dynasty]]