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'''Salty liquorice''', also known as '''salmiak''' or '''salmiakki''', is a variety of [[liquorice (confectionery)|liquorice]] flavoured with [[ammonium chloride]], common in the [[Nordic countries]], [[Netherlands]], and [[Northern Germany]].<ref name=autogenerated1>[http://www.thecrimson.com/series/summer-postcards/article/2011/8/8/salmiak-taste-people-available/ In Salmiak Territory | Opinion | The Harvard Crimson<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Ammonium chloride gives salty liquorice an astringent, salty taste<ref>[http://www.mindat.org/min-3507.html Salammoniac: Salammoniac mineral information and data<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> (hence the name), which has been described as "tongue-numbing"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.helsinkitimes.fi/htimes/expat-view/10029-culinary-stink-bomb.html|title=Passengers laud new trams|author=Aleksi|publisher=|accessdate=17 January 2015}}</ref> and "almost-stinging".<ref name=autogenerated1 /> Salty liquorice is an [[acquired taste]]<ref name=autogenerated1 /> and people not familiar with ammonium chloride might find the taste physically overwhelming and unlikeable.<ref>[http://www.hs.fi/english/print/1101978893004 Helsingin Sanomat - International Edition<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref name=autogenerated1 /> Salty liquorice candies are almost always black or very dark brown and can range from very soft to very hard and may be brittle. The other colours used are white and variants of grey. Salty liquorice is also used as a flavouring in other products, such as ice creams and alcoholic beverages.
'''Salty liquorice''', also known as '''salmiak''' or '''salmiakki''', is a variety of [[liquorice (confectionery)|liquorice]] flavoured with [[ammonium chloride]], common in the [[Nordic countries]], [[Netherlands]], and [[Northern Germany]].<ref name=thecrimson>{{cite web |url=http://www.thecrimson.com/column/summer-postcards/article/2011/8/8/salmiak-taste-people-available/ |title=In Salmiak Territory |author=Christine S. |work=[[The Harvard Crimson]] |date=8 August 2011 |accessdate=31 March 2015 }}</ref> Ammonium chloride gives salty liquorice an astringent, salty taste<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mindat.org/min-3507.html |title=Salammoniac: Salammoniac mineral information and data |work=Mindat.org |publisher=Hudson Institute of Mineralogy }}</ref> (hence the name), which has been described as "tongue-numbing"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.helsinkitimes.fi/htimes2/expat-view/10029-culinary-stink-bomb.html|title=Culinary stink bomb |author=Gategaeo Itkonen |publisher=[[Helsinki Times]] |date=25 February 2010 |accessdate=31 March 2015}}</ref> and "almost-stinging".<ref name=thecrimson /> Salty liquorice is an [[acquired taste]]<ref name=thecrimson /> and people not familiar with ammonium chloride might find the taste physically overwhelming and unlikeable.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hs.fi/english/print/1101978893004 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105031651/http://www.hs.fi/english/print/1101978893004 |title=Mämmi Maestro |author=Ritva Korpimo |publisher=[[Helsingin Sanomat]] |date=16 March 2005 |archivedate=5 November 2012}}</ref><ref name=thecrimson /> Salty liquorice candies are almost always black or very dark brown and can range from very soft to very hard and may be brittle. The other colours used are white and variants of grey. Salty liquorice is also used as a flavouring in other products, such as ice creams and alcoholic beverages.


==History==
==History==
[[File:Ammonium chloride.jpg|thumb|200px|A Sample of [[ammonium chloride]] which gives salty liquorice its distinctive flavour.]]The words ''salmiak'' and ''salmiakki'' are derived from an archaic Latin name for ammonium chloride, ''[[sal ammoniac]]us'', meaning "salt of Ammon". "Ammon" in turn refers to the temple of [[Amun|Ammon]] at [[Siwa Oasis]], where ancient Greeks found ammonium chloride. The word ''[[ammonia]]'' has the same origin.<ref>http://archive.is/20120526044549/http://www.ben.mills.btinternet.co.uk/chemistry/section-13.8.htm{{dead link|date=November 2012|bot=Legobot}}</ref> Ammonium chloride has a history of being used as a [[cough medicine]] as it works as an [[expectorant]].<ref>[http://www.mnpoison.org/index.asp?pageID=149 Hennepin County Medical Center<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Finnish author Jukka Annala speculates that salty liquorice has its origins at drug stores which manufactured their own cough medicine.<ref name=autogenerated2>[http://igs.kirjastot.fi/fi-FI/iGS/kysymykset/kysymys.aspx?ID=d5519c76-a63e-4d88-b20c-86777177474c#discussion Mistä johtuu, että salmiakki on herkkua vain Pohjoismaissa? | Kysy.fi<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Where and when ammonium chloride and liquorice were first combined to produce salty liquorice is unclear,<ref>[http://igs.kirjastot.fi/fi-FI/iGS/kysymykset/kysymys.aspx?ID=cf45f7e8-e3fe-4dfa-87c5-6c58da153bee#discussion Minun kuuluisi tehdä esitelmä Ranskassa salmiakista, enkä ole löytänyt tietoja... | Kysy.fi<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> but by the 1930s it was produced in Sweden, Finland, Norway, Denmark and the Netherlands as a candy.<ref name=autogenerated2 /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nidar.com/eway/default.aspx?pid=8&trg=Left_785&Main_680=785:0:2,404&Left_785=729:2088::0:789:2:::0:0|title=Nidar - Nidar|publisher=|accessdate=17 January 2015}}</ref>
[[File:Ammonium chloride.jpg|thumb|200px|A Sample of [[ammonium chloride]] which gives salty liquorice its distinctive flavour.]]The words ''salmiak'' and ''salmiakki'' are derived from an archaic Latin name for ammonium chloride, ''[[sal ammoniac]]us'', meaning "salt of Ammon". "Ammon" in turn refers to the temple of [[Amun|Ammon]] at [[Siwa Oasis]], where ancient Greeks found ammonium chloride. The word ''[[ammonia]]'' has the same origin.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ben.mills.btinternet.co.uk/chemistry/section-13.8.htm |title=A-Level Textbooks: Section 13.8 Amines and amides |archiveurl=http://archive.is/20120526044549/http://www.ben.mills.btinternet.co.uk/chemistry/section-13.8.htm |archivedate=26 May 2012 |author=Benjamin M. Mills}}</ref> Ammonium chloride has a history of being used as a [[cough medicine]] as it works as an [[expectorant]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mnpoison.org/index.asp?pageID=149 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20120304052115/http://www.mnpoison.org/index.asp?pageID=149 |archivedate=4 March 2012 |title=Winter Hazards |date=2004 |publisher=Hennepin County Medical Center }}</ref> Finnish author Jukka Annala speculates that salty liquorice has its origins at drug stores which manufactured their own cough medicine.<ref name=kysy1>{{cite web|url=http://igs.kirjastot.fi/fi-FI/iGS/kysymykset/kysymys.aspx?ID=d5519c76-a63e-4d88-b20c-86777177474c |title=Mistä johtuu, että salmiakki on herkkua vain Pohjoismaissa? |language=Finnish |work=Kysy.fi |publisher=Helsinki City Library |date=17 October 2008 }}</ref> Where and when ammonium chloride and liquorice were first combined to produce salty liquorice is unclear,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://igs.kirjastot.fi/fi-FI/iGS/kysymykset/kysymys.aspx?ID=cf45f7e8-e3fe-4dfa-87c5-6c58da153bee |title=Minun kuuluisi tehdä esitelmä Ranskassa salmiakista, enkä ole löytänyt tietoja... |language=Finnish |work=Kysy.fi |publisher=Helsinki City Library |date=25 October 2008 }}</ref> but by the 1930s it was produced in Sweden, Finland, Norway, Denmark and the Netherlands as a candy.<ref name=kysy1 />


==Types==
==Types==
{{Unreferenced section|date=November 2011}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=November 2011}}
Different languages often refer to salty liquorice as either "salmiac liquorice" (such as ''salmiaklakrits'' in [[Swedish language|Swedish]], or ''salmiaklakrids'' in [[Danish language|Danish]]), or simply "salty liquorice". In addition to ammonium chloride, salty liquorice candies are sometimes flavoured with other strong flavours like table salt and pepper, as in the case of [[Tyrkisk Peber]] candies. In [[Germany]] there is a variety available that is silvered by a metal powder that, as a side effect, makes it electrically conductive{{Citation needed|date=April 2013}}. A common shape for salty liquorice candies is a black diamond-shaped [[lozenge]]. This diamond shape is so typical that in Finnish, the word "salmiakki" can sometimes refer to this shape instead of the candy.
Different languages often refer to salty liquorice as either "salmiac liquorice" (such as ''salmiaklakrits'' in [[Swedish language|Swedish]], or ''salmiaklakrids'' in [[Danish language|Danish]]), or simply "salty liquorice". In addition to ammonium chloride, salty liquorice candies are sometimes flavoured with other strong flavours like table salt and pepper, as in the case of [[Tyrkisk Peber]] candies. In [[Germany]] there is a variety available that is silvered by a metal powder that, as a side effect, makes it electrically conductive{{Citation needed|date=April 2013}}. A common shape for salty liquorice candies is a black diamond-shaped [[lozenge]]. This diamond shape is so typical that in Finnish, the word "salmiakki" can sometimes refer to this shape instead of the candy.

The strength of the confectionery depends on the amount of ammonium chloride used, which varies by country and what's considered a safe amount. In Sweden for example, the most popular types of salty liquorice contain an average of 7% of ammonium chloride. In 2012 there was a European Union proposal to limit the amount to 3%, which was met with wide opposition. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/article15600470.ab |title=Saltlakritsen räddad efter beslut i EU |author=Oskar Forsberg |date=12 October 2012 |publisher=[[Aftonbladet]] |language=Swedish }}</ref> Although the European Union now regulate the use of ammonium chloride to 0.3% in most foodstuffs, there is no specific restriction for it in liquorice or ice cream.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Commission implementing regulation (EU) No 872/2012 of 1 October 2012 adopting the list of flavouring substances provided for by Regulation (EC) No 2232/96 of the European Parliament and of the Council |url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2012:267:0001:0161:EN:PDF |journal=[[Official Journal of the European Union]] |volume=L267 |date=2 October 2012 |quote=In category 5 [confectionery] – [[quantum satis]] }}</ref>


==Other uses==
==Other uses==

Revision as of 21:25, 31 March 2015

Salty liquorice
Tyrkisk Peber candies, Salmiak Ice cream
Alternative namesSalmiak, salmiakki
TypeLiquorice
Main ingredientsLiquorice, ammonium chloride

Salty liquorice, also known as salmiak or salmiakki, is a variety of liquorice flavoured with ammonium chloride, common in the Nordic countries, Netherlands, and Northern Germany.[1] Ammonium chloride gives salty liquorice an astringent, salty taste[2] (hence the name), which has been described as "tongue-numbing"[3] and "almost-stinging".[1] Salty liquorice is an acquired taste[1] and people not familiar with ammonium chloride might find the taste physically overwhelming and unlikeable.[4][1] Salty liquorice candies are almost always black or very dark brown and can range from very soft to very hard and may be brittle. The other colours used are white and variants of grey. Salty liquorice is also used as a flavouring in other products, such as ice creams and alcoholic beverages.

History

expectorant.[6] Finnish author Jukka Annala speculates that salty liquorice has its origins at drug stores which manufactured their own cough medicine.[7] Where and when ammonium chloride and liquorice were first combined to produce salty liquorice is unclear,[8] but by the 1930s it was produced in Sweden, Finland, Norway, Denmark and the Netherlands as a candy.[7]

Types

Different languages often refer to salty liquorice as either "salmiac liquorice" (such as salmiaklakrits in

Tyrkisk Peber candies. In Germany there is a variety available that is silvered by a metal powder that, as a side effect, makes it electrically conductive[citation needed]. A common shape for salty liquorice candies is a black diamond-shaped lozenge
. This diamond shape is so typical that in Finnish, the word "salmiakki" can sometimes refer to this shape instead of the candy.

The strength of the confectionery depends on the amount of ammonium chloride used, which varies by country and what's considered a safe amount. In Sweden for example, the most popular types of salty liquorice contain an average of 7% of ammonium chloride. In 2012 there was a European Union proposal to limit the amount to 3%, which was met with wide opposition. [9] Although the European Union now regulate the use of ammonium chloride to 0.3% in most foodstuffs, there is no specific restriction for it in liquorice or ice cream.[10]

Other uses

In addition to being used in candy, salmiak is also used to flavour vodka, chocolate, distilled rye brandy, ice cream, cola drinks, snus, and recently, meat.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Christine S. (8 August 2011). "In Salmiak Territory". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  2. ^ "Salammoniac: Salammoniac mineral information and data". Mindat.org. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy.
  3. ^ Gategaeo Itkonen (25 February 2010). "Culinary stink bomb". Helsinki Times. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  4. ^ Ritva Korpimo (16 March 2005). "Mämmi Maestro". Helsingin Sanomat. Archived from the original on 5 November 2012.
  5. ^ Benjamin M. Mills. "A-Level Textbooks: Section 13.8 Amines and amides". Archived from the original on 26 May 2012.
  6. ^ "Winter Hazards". Hennepin County Medical Center. 2004. Archived from the original on 4 March 2012.
  7. ^ a b "Mistä johtuu, että salmiakki on herkkua vain Pohjoismaissa?". Kysy.fi (in Finnish). Helsinki City Library. 17 October 2008.
  8. ^ "Minun kuuluisi tehdä esitelmä Ranskassa salmiakista, enkä ole löytänyt tietoja..." Kysy.fi (in Finnish). Helsinki City Library. 25 October 2008.
  9. ^ Oskar Forsberg (12 October 2012). "Saltlakritsen räddad efter beslut i EU" (in Swedish). Aftonbladet.
  10. ^ "Commission implementing regulation (EU) No 872/2012 of 1 October 2012 adopting the list of flavouring substances provided for by Regulation (EC) No 2232/96 of the European Parliament and of the Council". Official Journal of the European Union. L267. 2 October 2012. In category 5 [confectionery] – quantum satis

Books

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Salmiak candy.
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