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== History ==
== History ==


The term WiTricity was used for a project that took place at [[MIT]], led by [[Marin Soljačić]] in 2006.<ref name="MIT theory news">{{cite web | url = http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2006/wireless.html | title = Wireless electricity could power consumer, industrial electronics | publisher = [[MIT]] News | date = 2006-11-14}}</ref><ref name="MIT experiment news">{{cite web | url = http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2007/wireless-0607.html | title = Goodbye wires… | publisher = [[MIT]] News | date = 2007-06-07}}</ref> The MIT researchers successfully demonstrated the ability to power a 60 [[watt]] light bulb wirelessly, using two 5-turn copper coils of 60&nbsp;cm (24&nbsp;in) [[diameter]], that were 2&nbsp;m (7&nbsp;ft) away, at roughly 45% efficiency.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thefutureofthings.com/pod/250/wireless-power-demonstrated.html|title=Wireless Power Demonstrated|accessdate=2008-12-09}}</ref> The coils were designed to resonate together at 9.9 [[megahertz|MHz]] (wavelength ≈ 30 m) and were oriented along the same axis. One was connected inductively to a power source, and the other one to a bulb. The setup powered the bulb on, even when the direct line of sight was blocked using a wooden panel. Researchers were able to power a 60 [[watt]] light bulb at roughly 90% efficiency at a distance of 3 feet{{Citation needed|date=May 2011}}. The research project was spun off into a private company, also called WiTricity.
The term WiTricity was used for a project that took place at [[MIT]], led by [[Marin Soljačić]] in 2006.<ref name="MIT theory news">{{cite web | url = http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2006/wireless.html | title = Wireless electricity could power consumer, industrial electronics | publisher = [[MIT]] News | date = 2006-11-14}}</ref><ref name="MIT experiment news">{{cite web | url = http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2007/wireless-0607.html | title = Goodbye wires… | publisher = [[MIT]] News | date = 2007-06-07}}</ref> The MIT researchers successfully demonstrated the ability to power a 60 [[watt]] light bulb wirelessly, using two 5-turn copper coils of 60&nbsp;cm (24&nbsp;in) [[diameter]], that were 2&nbsp;m (7&nbsp;ft) away, at roughly 45% efficiency.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thefutureofthings.com/pod/250/wireless-power-demonstrated.html|title=Wireless Power Demonstrated|accessdate=2008-12-09|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081231103130/http://thefutureofthings.com/pod/250/wireless-power-demonstrated.html|archivedate=2008-12-31|df=}}</ref> The coils were designed to resonate together at 9.9 [[megahertz|MHz]] (wavelength ≈ 30 m) and were oriented along the same axis. One was connected inductively to a power source, and the other one to a bulb. The setup powered the bulb on, even when the direct line of sight was blocked using a wooden panel. Researchers were able to power a 60 [[watt]] light bulb at roughly 90% efficiency at a distance of 3 feet{{Citation needed|date=May 2011}}. The research project was spun off into a private company, also called WiTricity.


The [[emerging technology]] was demonstrated in July 2009 by CEO Eric Giler at the [[TED Global Conference]] held in [[Oxford]].<ref>{{cite news | first=Jonathan | last=Fildes |authorlink= | title= Wireless power system shown off | date=2009-07-23 | publisher= | url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8165928.stm | work =[[BBC News Online]] | pages = | accessdate = 2009-09-13 | language = }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ted.com/talks/eric_giler_demos_wireless_electricity.html |title=Eric Giler demos wireless electricity |accessdate=2009-09-13 |date=July 2009 |publisher=[[TED (conference)|TED]]}}</ref> There he refers to the original idea, first applied by the physicist [[Nikola Tesla]] between his coils,<ref>http://www.ted.com/talks/eric_giler_demos_wireless_electricity#t-15992</ref> and shows a WiTricity power unit powering a television as well as three different cell phones, the initial problem that inspired Soljacic to get involved with the project.
The [[emerging technology]] was demonstrated in July 2009 by CEO Eric Giler at the [[TED Global Conference]] held in [[Oxford]].<ref>{{cite news | first=Jonathan | last=Fildes |authorlink= | title= Wireless power system shown off | date=2009-07-23 | publisher= | url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8165928.stm | work =[[BBC News Online]] | pages = | accessdate = 2009-09-13 | language = }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ted.com/talks/eric_giler_demos_wireless_electricity.html |title=Eric Giler demos wireless electricity |accessdate=2009-09-13 |date=July 2009 |publisher=[[TED (conference)|TED]]}}</ref> There he refers to the original idea, first applied by the physicist [[Nikola Tesla]] between his coils,<ref>http://www.ted.com/talks/eric_giler_demos_wireless_electricity#t-15992</ref> and shows a WiTricity power unit powering a television as well as three different cell phones, the initial problem that inspired Soljacic to get involved with the project.
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*{{Cite news | url = http://www.ted.com/talks/eric_giler_demos_wireless_electricity.html | title = Eric Giler demos wireless electricity | publisher = [[TED (conference)|TED]]}}
*{{Cite news | url = http://www.ted.com/talks/eric_giler_demos_wireless_electricity.html | title = Eric Giler demos wireless electricity | publisher = [[TED (conference)|TED]]}}
*{{Cite news | url = http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/data/1143254/DC1/1 | title = Supporting Online Material for Wireless Power Transfer via Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonances | publisher = Science Magazine }}
*{{Cite news | url = http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/data/1143254/DC1/1 | title = Supporting Online Material for Wireless Power Transfer via Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonances | publisher = Science Magazine }}
*{{Cite news | url = http://thefutureofthings.com/news/5763/intel-s-wireless-power-technology-demonstrated.html | title = Intel’s Wireless Power Technology Demonstrated | author = Anuradha Menon | publisher = [[The Future of Things]] e-magazine| date = 2008-11-14}}
*{{Cite news | url = http://thefutureofthings.com/news/5763/intel-s-wireless-power-technology-demonstrated.html | title = Intel’s Wireless Power Technology Demonstrated | author = Anuradha Menon | publisher = [[The Future of Things]] e-magazine | date = 2008-11-14 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20101209070825/http://thefutureofthings.com/news/5763/intel-s-wireless-power-technology-demonstrated.html | archivedate = 2010-12-09 | df = }}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Witricity}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Witricity}}

Revision as of 01:48, 26 January 2018

WiTricity
Websitewww.witricity.com

WiTricity is an American engineering company that manufactures devices for

wireless energy transfer using resonant energy transfer
based on oscillating magnetic fields.

History

The term WiTricity was used for a project that took place at

MHz (wavelength ≈ 30 m) and were oriented along the same axis. One was connected inductively to a power source, and the other one to a bulb. The setup powered the bulb on, even when the direct line of sight was blocked using a wooden panel. Researchers were able to power a 60 watt light bulb at roughly 90% efficiency at a distance of 3 feet[citation needed
]. The research project was spun off into a private company, also called WiTricity.

The

TED Global Conference held in Oxford.[4][5] There he refers to the original idea, first applied by the physicist Nikola Tesla between his coils,[6]
and shows a WiTricity power unit powering a television as well as three different cell phones, the initial problem that inspired Soljacic to get involved with the project.

Automobile manufacturer Toyota made an investment in WiTricity in April 2011.[7][8]

In September 2012, the company announced it would make a $1000 demonstration kit available to interested parties, to promote development of commercial applications.[9][needs update]

CEO Alex Gruzen was hired in 2014, and decided to take WiTricity out of the competition for powering consumer electronics, and focus on wireless power for vehicles. (Though it demonstrated wireless power for a Dell laptop at the January, 2017 Consumer Electronics Show). The company has reportedly collaborated with car makers Audi, BMW, Chrysler, Jaguar, Nissan, and Toyota. In 2017, having raised $68 million to date and facing competition from the wireless vehicle standard Halo (developed by Qualcomm), the company reduced its workforce from 80 to 55, and closed an office in Austin, Texas.[10]

Technology

resonant circuits were coils of copper wire which resonated with their internal capacitance (dotted capacitors) at 10 MHz. Power was coupled into the transmitter resonator, and out of the receiver resonator into the rectifier, by small coils which also served for impedance matching
.

WiTricity is based on weakly coupled electromagnetic resonant objects to

transfer energy wirelessly. This differs from other methods like simple induction, microwaves, or air ionization. The system consists of transmitters and receivers that contain magnetic loop antennas critically tuned to the same frequency.[citation needed
] In this regard, MIT researchers believe they discovered a new way to wirelessly transfer power using non-radiative electromagnetic energy resonant tunneling. [11] [12] [13] Moreover, MIT researchers tried to explain this phenomenon by comparing it with microscopic field of quantum mechanics radiated electromagnetic energy resonant tunneling effect, but this was criticized. [14] Because WiTricity devices operate in the electromagnetic near field, receiving devices must be no more than about a quarter wavelength from the transmitter. In the system demonstrated in the 2007 paper, this was only a few meters at the frequency chosen. In their first paper, the group also simulated GHz dielectric resonators. WiTricity devices are coupled almost entirely with magnetic fields (the electric fields are largely confined within capacitors inside the devices), which they argue makes them safer than resonant energy transfer using electric fields (most famously in Tesla coils, whose high electric fields can generate lightning), since most materials couple weakly to magnetic fields.[15]

Unlike the

resonate to increase their magnetic coupling. These tuned magnetic fields generated by the primary coil can be arranged to interact vigorously with matched secondary windings in distant equipment but far more weakly with any surrounding objects or materials such as radio signals or biological tissue.[citation needed
]

In particular, WiTricity is based on using resonance to achieve a high power-transmission efficiency. Aristeidis Karalis, referring to the team's experimental demonstration, says that "the usual non-resonant magnetic induction would be almost 1 million times less efficient in this particular system".[2] The researchers suggest that exposure levels are below the threshold for FCC safety regulations, and the radiated-power levels comply with FCC radio interference regulations.

Researchers attribute the delay in developing wireless-power technology to limitations of well-known physical laws and a simple lack of need. Only recently have modern consumers obtained a high number of portable electronic devices that use batteries and plug-in chargers.[2] Witricity partnered with Nissan Motor in order to escape from this problem, realizing a big breakthrough.[16] But it also means that Witricity's theory start closely approximating to the theory advocated by John Boys of the University of Auckland at the same time.

Radiation levels

See also: Electromagnetic radiation and health

The company's FAQ [1] claims it uses a "...non-radiative mode of energy transfer, relying instead on the magnetic near field. Magnetic fields interact very weakly with biological organisms—people and animals—and are scientifically regarded to be safe." No actual studies or reports are claimed of the specific technology, power levels and use in home environments, although it does claim that, "WiTricity products are being designed to comply with applicable safety standards and regulations."

See also

References

  1. MIT
    News. 2006-11-14.
  2. ^
    MIT
    News. 2007-06-07.
  3. ^ "Wireless Power Demonstrated". Archived from the original on 2008-12-31. Retrieved 2008-12-09. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ Fildes, Jonathan (2009-07-23). "Wireless power system shown off". BBC News Online. Retrieved 2009-09-13.
  5. ^ "Eric Giler demos wireless electricity". TED. July 2009. Retrieved 2009-09-13.
  6. ^ http://www.ted.com/talks/eric_giler_demos_wireless_electricity#t-15992
  7. ^ Gordon-Bloomfield, Nikki (Apr 28, 2011). "Toyota Joins Wireless Electric Car Charging Revolution". Green Car Reports. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
  8. ^ "TMC and WiTricity Form Wireless Battery-charging Alliance". Toyota Motor Corporation. April 27, 2011. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
  9. ^ Scott Kirsner (2012-09-17). "Flying electricity and neighborhood news". Boston Globe.
  10. ^ WiTricity takes a turn toward electric-car charging
  11. ISSN – 8034 2348 – 8034. {{cite conference}}: Check |issn= value (help
    )
  12. ISSN 2277-9655
    .
  13. ISSN – 8163 1793 – 8163. {{cite journal}}: Check |issn= value (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |conference= (help); Cite journal requires |journal= (help
    )
  14. ISBN 9781605951263
    .
  15. doi:10.1016/j.aop.2007.04.017
    . Published online: April 2007
  16. ^ WiTricity & Nissan Collaborating On Wireless EV Charging Push
  17. ^ Electrical recharging using electrosmog
  18. ^ MagMIMO

Reference articles

  • Andre Kurs; Aristeidis Karalis; Robert Moffatt; J.D. Joannopoulos; Peter Fisher; Marin Soljačić (July 2007). "Wireless power transfer via strongly coupled magnetic resonances". Science. 317 (5834): 83–86.
    PMID 17556549
    . Published online: June 2007

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WiTricity&oldid=822383660"