T-80 models
List of models and variants of the T-80 main battle tank.
Command tanks with additional radio equipment have K added to their designation for komandirskiy ("command"), for example, T-80BK is the command version of the T-80B. Versions with reactive armour have V added, for vzryvnoy ("explosive"), for example T-80BV. Less-expensive versions without missile capability have a figure 1 added, as T-80B1.[citation needed]
List of models
Ob'yekt 219 SP1
The prototype designed by
Ob'yekt 219 SP2
The second prototype, designated Object 219 SP2, received bigger drive sprockets and return rollers. The number of road wheels was increased from five to six. The construction of the turret was altered to use the same compartment, 125 mm 2A46 tank gun, autoloader and placement of ammunition as the T-64A. Some additional equipment was borrowed from the T-64A. The LKZ plant built a series of prototypes based on Object 219 SP2. In 1976 it became the T-80.
T-80 (Ob'yekt 219) (1976)
First production model. The T-80 has some features of both the T-64 and T-72, and other features unique to itself. In general, the offensive capabilities of the T-80 are similar to the T-64A, but it is faster thanks to the GTD-1000T 1,000 hp (746 kW) multi-fuel gas turbine engine. Visual keys are large, die-cast, irregularly spaced, ribbed, rubber-tired road wheels with three support rollers,[2] a self-entrenching blade on the lower glacis, a Luna searchlight in the same position as the T-64. Significant differences are a coincidence rangefinder, and probable enhanced armor on the glacis (an upper glacis of steel layers enclosing fiberglass layers and a cast steel turret enclosing nonmetallic materials).[2] Unlike the later models, the early T-80 had V-shaped splash plate on glacis plate. Due to its armour being obsolete, only a few hundred were built between 1976 and 1978 before the production switched to the T-80B. Some T-80s were later upgraded to B level.[3][4][5][6]
- T-80M-1 – T-80 with an Arena countermeasures array fitted to rear of the turret's roof. It also has an armour belt around turret.[6]
T-80B (Ob'yekt 219R) (1978)
- T-80B obr.1980g. – T-80B with a new 1,100 hp (820 kW) GTD-1000TF gas turbine engine.
- T-80BK (Ob'yekt 660) – T-80B command tank equipped with additional R-130 radio, TNA navigation set, a 2nd whip antenna and a telescopic mast. It does not have the 9K112-2 system.[3][4]
T-80A (Ob'yekt 219A) (1982)
A further development of T-80B. It was developed in late 1970s and first model was produced in 1982. It was an attempt to provide the T-80B tank with an improved armour and firepower. It uses 1,200 hp (895 kW) GTD-1000M gas turbine engine.
- T-80A obr.1984 – T-80A with Kontakt-1 explosive reactive armour. The model with Kontakt-1 is sometimes called T-80AV. The main external difference from the T-80BV is the lack of Kobra missile guidance box in front of the commanders cupola.[6]
- T-80AK – Command variant of T-80A.[6]
- T-80AK obr.1984 – T-80A with Kontakt-1 explosive reactive armour. The model with Kontakt-1 is sometimes called T-80AKV.[6]
T-80BV (Ob'yekt 219RV) (1985)
T-80B with Kontakt-1 explosive reactive armour. The smoke grenade launchers were moved from either side of the main armament back to the either side of the turret and positioned between the turret side and the ERA panels. On the turret of the T-80BV, the panels are joined to form a shallow chevron shape. ERA is also fitted to the forward part of the turret roof to provide protection against attacks from above. While the ERA provides a high degree of protection against ATGM of its time which relied on a HEAT warhead to penetrate armor over the frontal arc, it does not provide any added protection against APDS or APFSDS. Vehicles which were built first for sometime lacked the ERA because of supply problems. Some T-80BV tanks have been equipped with dust flap under glacis plate and some of them were equipped with single line of ERA along top of hull side. A late production version had a new turret similar to the T-80U but with Kontakt-1 ERA.[3][4][6] There is a new gun 2A46M-1 with 9K112 Kobra system capable of firing improved 9M112M Kobra ATGM through gun barrel.
- T-80BVK – as per T-80BK but with ERA. First models were just T-80BK tanks with ERA. Later models were T-80BV tanks with additional communications equipment and an antenna.[4][6]
T-80U (Ob'yekt 219AS) (1985)
- T-80U obr. 1992 – T-80U with an improved 1,250 hp (930 kW) GTD-1250 multi-fuel gas turbine engine.[7]
- T-80UK – Command version, equipped with additional R-163-50K and R-163-U radios, TNA-4 land navigation system, TShU-1-7 Shtora countermeasures system,[4] electronic fuze-setting device that permits use of "Ainet" shrapnel round, a meteorological sensor, laser warning receivers, "Agava-2" thermal sight which provides a 2,600-meter night acquisition range, fire control and APU. Became the main Russian export tank in the 1990s. It can be easily recognized by EO boxes on the front of turret on either side of the main armament and multiple radio antennas.[2][6]
- T-80UE (1999) – Export version of the T-80U with some of the equipment from the T-80UK (including the TShU-1-7 Shtora electro-optical countermeasures system). Unlike the T-80U it does not have the anti-aircraft heavy machine gun mounted on the commander's cupola, instead it has pintle mounts at the four corners of the turret allowing its position to be switched.[6]
- T-80UM (Object 219AS-M) – Modern version of T-80U. Modernization of 1995. Russian version with a new weapon system for the 9M119M Refleks (AT-11B Sniper) ATGM, new thermal imaging sight "Agava-M1" (optionally "Agava-2" or "Buran-R") because of which the L-4 "Luna" IR has been removed.[6]
- T-80UM-1 "Bars" 'Snow Leopard' – Russian 1997 prototype with new Arena active protection system (Zaloga 2000:4).[6]
- T-80UM-2 – Russian prototype with KAZT Drozd active protection system (Zaloga 2000:4).[6]
- Kaktus ERA, new targeting systems, and other undisclosed improvements. Six and seven-axle versions have been demonstrated.[8]
- T-80UM-1 "Bars" 'Snow Leopard' – Russian 1997 prototype with new
- T-80UD "Bereza"[5] (Ob'yekt 478B) (NATO code: SMT M1989) (1985[4]) – (Bereza – birch-tree) Ukrainian diesel-engined version of the T-80U, with 1,006 hp (750 kW) 6TD engine, and a new welded turret.[9] Early production version used Kontakt-1 ERA which was later replaced with Kontakt-5 ERA.[4]
T-80BVM (2017)
By the end of 2021 up to 300[10] units produced by overhauling and upgrading old T-80B tanks from storages. The idea was to make it compatible with T-90M tanks (same gun, ammunition, ATGM, ERA etc) in order to put less strain on supply lines. New "Relikt" ERA on turret and hull (front and sides), increased protection against land mines. Older tracks were replaced with the new universal, twin-pin design. New 2A46M-5 125mm gun with new anti-tank ammunition Svinets-1 (tungsten) and Svinets-2 (depleted uranium). 9K119M Refleks-M system is used to launch 9M119M Invar (also called Refleks-M) ATGM through gun barrel. 1A45T improved "Irtysh" fire control system (from T-90A) with new Sosna-U gunner`s sight. New panoramic sight for the commander. New radio communication. Upgraded gas turbine engine.[11][12][13] Retained old turret, manual transmission, no APS, no GLONASS navigation. Optional "hard kill" APS Arena-M. Currently being delivered.[14]
- T-80BVM obr.2023 On September 10, 2023, the cope cage" armor on the top and slat armor on the rear. Another major addition is the placement of the Saniya or two Volnorez anti-drone electronic jammers, with two omnidirectional antennas. These antennas are magnetically based, which allow them to be mounted without structural modifications. Both systems have an effective suppression radius of 1 km.[16][17] Another change is the reworking of the transmission, which allows for a specified reverse speed of over 20 km/h, which is faster than older variants.[18] Deliveries continue in 2024.[19]
Variants
- BREM-80U (BREM-80) – Armoured recovery vehicle (ARV) based on the T-80U, with a large superstructure on the forward half of the chassis, a large square-section 18-tonne crane on the left side of hull and 35-tonne winch (in contrast to earlier Soviet ARVs which had light jib cranes).[6]
- BTU-80 – Dozer vehicle based on T-80.[6]
- MTU-80 – Bridge layer based on T-80 chassis.[6]
- PTS-4 – Amphibious load carrier based on T-80.[6]
- Ladoga – Initially called Debut, this APC is designed for evacuation of Soviet government from Kremlin to airport under nuclear/chemical/biological attack. Ladoga uses tracks from the T-80U as well as suspension system and gas-turbine powerplant. The crew is 2 soldiers. It also has a four-seat cab equipped with a crew life-support facilities to protect the passengers against the radiological, chemical and bacteriological contamination of the environment.[20]
- BREM-84 – Ukrainian ARV, based on the T-80UD but powered by the 6TD-2 engine of the T-84.
- 2S19"Msta-S" – Self-propelled 152 mm artillery gun based on T-80 running gear and the T-72's diesel engine. There is also a NATO 155mm-barrelled version.
Table of specifications
T-80 (Ob'yekt 219) |
T-80B (Ob'yekt 219R) |
T-80BV (Ob'yekt 219RV) |
T-80A (Ob'yekt 219A) |
T-80U (Ob'yekt 219AS) |
T-80UD "Beryoza" (Ob'yekt 478B) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weight (metric tons) |
46 | 42.5 | 43.7[7] | 51.9[6] | 46.0[2] | 46[21] |
Length (meters) |
7 | 6.98[2] | 7.01[2] | 7.085[21] | ||
Width (meters) |
3.60[2] | 3.58[2] | 3.60[2] | 3.56[21] | ||
Height (meters) |
2.20[2] | 2.22[2] | 2.20[2] | 2.74[21] | ||
Main gun | 125 mm 2A46-1 smoothbore[7]
|
125 mm 2A46M-1 (D-81TM "Rapira-3") smoothbore[7] | 125 mm KBA3 smoothbore[21] | |||
Machine gun(s) | 7.62 mm NSVT anti-aircraft heavy (500 rounds)[2]
|
7.62 mm KT-7.62 coaxial (1,250 rounds)[21] 12.7 mm KT-12.7 anti-aircraft heavy (450 rounds)[21] | ||||
ATGM (NATO designation) |
None | 9M112 Kobra (AT-8 Songster) (6 missiles) | 9M119M Refleks (AT-11B Sniper) | 9M119 Svir (AT-11 Sniper) and 9M119M Refleks (AT-11B Sniper)
| ||
Engine | GTD-1000T multi-fuel[2] gas turbine developing 1,000 hp (746 kW)[7] | GTD-1000T (GTD-1000TF for T-80B obr.1980) multi-fuel[2] gas turbine developing 1,000 hp (746 kW) (1,100 hp (820 kW) for GTD-1000TF)[7] | GTD-1000TF multi-fuel[2] gas turbine developing 1,100 hp (820 kW)[7] | GTD-1000M multi-fuel[2] gas turbine developing 1,200 hp (895 kW)[7] | GTD-1000F (GTD-1250 for T-80U obr.1992) multi-fuel[2] gas turbine developing 1,100 hp (820 kW) (1,250 hp (932 kW) for GTD-1250)[7] | 6TD twin-stroke, multi-fuel, liquid-cooled 6-cylinder diesel developing 1,006 hp (750 kW)[21] |
Speed (km/h) |
70 (road)[2] 48 (off-road) |
65 (road)[21] 45 (off-road)[21] | ||||
Operational range (km) |
500 (road) 335 (off-road) 600 (road, extra tanks) |
500 km (road)[2] 335 (off-road) 900 (road, extra tanks)[2] |
580 km (road)[21] 450 km (off-road)[21] | |||
Power-to-weight ratio (hp/tonne (kW/tonne)) |
21.7 (16.2) | 23.5 (17.6) (25.9 (19.3) for T-80B obr.1980) |
25.2 (18.8) | 23.1 (17.2) | 23.9 (17.8) (27.2 (20.3) for T-80U obr.1992) |
21.9 (16.3) |
References
- ^ Zaloga 2009, p. 10.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y "T-80 Main Battle Tank". www.inetres.com.
- ^ a b c d Pike, John. "T80 Tank Characteristics". www.globalsecurity.org.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Administrator. "T-80 [Rosja] - Pancerni.net". www.pancerni.abajt.pl.
- ^ a b "СПИСОК МОДИФИКАЦИЙ ТАНКА Т-80". t80leningrad.narod.ru.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u ""JED The Military Equipment Directory"".
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Czołgi Świata" (World's Tanks or Tanks of the World) magazine issue 8
- ^ a b Administrator. "T-80 [Rosja]: Strona 2 - Pancerni.net". www.pancerni.abajt.pl.
- ^ "Основной боевой танк Т-80УД "Объект 478Б"". btvt-narod-ru.translate.goog. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
- ^ "Минобороны возвращает в строй "реактивные" танки". 14 November 2016.
- ^ "Танк Т-80 модернизируют "Реликтом" и "Сосной-У"". 14 July 2016.
- ^ "Russia's upgraded T-80BV tank to feature capability of firing depleted uranium shells".
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 26 August 2017. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Janes | Latest defence and security news".
- ^ "Russia unveils upgraded and battle-ready T-80BVM Model 2023 tank | Ukraine - Russia conflict war 2022 | analysis focus army defence military industry army". www.armyrecognition.com. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
- ^ Tran, Dung (15 September 2023). "T-80BVM Model 2023 - Many Upgrades And Ready To Fight". Military-wiki. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
- ^ Новости, РИА (14 January 2024). "Танки в зоне СВО получили комплексы подавления FPV-дронов "Сания"". РИА Новости (in Russian). Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ^ "Russia unveils upgraded and battle-ready T-80BVM Model 2023 tank | Ukraine - Russia conflict war 2022 | analysis focus army defence military industry army". www.armyrecognition.com. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
- ^ "Defense firm delivers batch of T-80BVM tanks with extra protection to Russian troops". TASS. 14 February 2024. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
- ^ Ladoga at JEDsite.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l ""Kharkiv Morozov Machine Building Design Bureau", manufacturer's website". Archived from the original on 11 August 2009.
Bibliography
- "T-80BW". Kolekcja Czołgi Świata [Collection of Tanks of the World] (in Polish). No. 8. Poland: Oxford Educational. 2007. OCLC 1036358448.
- Baryatinskiy, Mikhail (2007). Main Battle Tank T-80. Hersham, UK: Ian Allan. ISBN 978-0-7110-3238-5.
- Foss, Christopher (2005). Jane's Armour & Artillery, 2005–2006. Coulsdon: Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2686-8.
- Karpenko, A.V. (1996). Obozreniye Bronetankovoy Tekhniki (1905–1995 gg.) (in Russian). Nevskiy Bastion. OCLC 41208782.
- Sewell, Stephen "Cookie" (July–August 1998). "Why Three Tanks" (PDF). Armor. Vol. CVII, no. 4. Fort Knox, KY: U.S. Army Armor Center. pp. 21–29, 45. ISSN 0004-2420. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
- Warford, James M. (November–December 1995). "Cold War Armor After Chechnya: An Assessment of the Russian T-80" (PDF). Armor. Vol. CIV, no. 6. Fort Knox, KY: US Army Armor Center. pp. 18–21. ISSN 0004-2420.
- Zaloga, Steven; Markov, David (2000). Russia's T-80U Main Battle Tank. Hong Kong: Concord. ISBN 962-361-656-2.
- Zaloga, Steven (2009). T-80 Standard Tank. Great Britain: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-244-8.