Tantrum

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other uses, see Tantrum (disambiguation).
"Christina Rossetti in a Tantrum" by her brother, Dante Gabriel Rossetti

A tantrum, angry outburst, temper tantrum, lash out, (autistic) meltdown, fit of anger, or hissy fit is an

detention or being suspended from school for older school age children, and could result in a timeout or grounding, complete with room or corner time, at home.[6][7][8][9][10][11] A tantrum may be expressed in a tirade: a protracted, angry speech.[6][7][12]

In early childhood

Tantrums are one of the most common forms of problematic behavior in young children but tend to decrease in frequency and intensity as the child gets older.[13] For a toddler, tantrums can be considered as normal, and even as gauges of developing strength of character.[14][15][16]

Child having a tantrum

While tantrums are sometimes seen as a predictor of future

anti-social behavior,[17] in another sense they are simply an age-appropriate sign of excessive frustration,[18] and will diminish over time given a calm and consistent handling.[19][20][21] Parental containment where a child cannot contain themself—rather than what the child is ostensibly demanding—may be what is really required.[22]

Selma Fraiberg warned against "too much pressure or forceful methods of control from the outside" in child-rearing: "if we turn every instance of pants changing, treasure hunting, napping, puddle wading and garbage distribution into a governmental crisis we can easily bring on fierce defiance, tantrums, and all the fireworks of revolt in the nursery".[23]

Intellectual and developmental disorders

Some people who have developmental disorders such as

autism, Asperger syndrome, ADHD, and intellectual disability[24] or even a developmental disability, could be more vulnerable to tantrums than others, although anyone experiencing brain damage (temporary or permanent) can suffer from tantrums.[25] Anyone may be prone to tantrums once in a while, regardless of gender or age.[26][27] However, a meltdown due to sensory overload (which even non-autistic children can experience) is not the same as a temper tantrum.[28]

Aberrations

A Welsh Government video explaining the difference between tantrums and meltdowns

Freud considered that the Wolf Man's development of temper tantrums was connected with his seduction by his sister: he became "discontented, irritable and violent, took offence on every possible occasion, and then flew into a rage and screamed like a savage".[29] Freud linked the tantrums to an unconscious need for punishment driven by feelings of guilt[30]—something which he thought could be generalised to many other cases of childhood tantrums.[31][32]

Heinz Kohut contended that tantrums were rages of anger, caused by the thwarting of the infant's grandiose-exhibitionist core.[33] The blow to the inflated self-image, when a child's wishes are (however justifiably) refused, creates fury because it strikes at the feeling of omnipotence.[34]

Jealousy over the birth of a sibling, and resulting aggression,[35] may also provoke negativistic tantrums, as the effort at controlling the feelings overloads the child's system of self-regulation.[36][37]

In later life

Writer William Makepeace Thackeray claimed that in later life "you may tell a tantrum as far as you can see one, by the distressed and dissatisfied expression of its countenance—'Tantrumical', if we may term it so".[38]

The willingness of the

acquired situational narcissism[40]
or tantrumical behavior.

If older people show tantrums, they might often be signs of immaturity or a mental or developmental disability; and often autistic or ADHD meltdowns are incorrectly labelled tantrums. It can also occur in neurotypical people under extreme stress.[41]

See also

References

  1. ^ "The Cabinet Album: A Collection of Original and Selected Literature". Book. Hurst Chance and Company: 92. 1830.
  2. ^ Foote, Samuel (1765). "The Dramatic Works Volume 1". The Dramatic Works. 1. P. Vaillant: 40–41.
  3. ^ Payn, James (1869). Married Beneath Him. A novel. By the author of "Lost Sir Massingberd" James Payn. The British Library. p. 369.
  4. ^ O'Hara, Kane (1770). "Midas An English Burletta. As it is Performed at the Theatre-Royal, in Covent-Garden". Midas an English Burletta. As It is Performed at the Theatre-Royal, in Covent-Garden: 20.
  5. ^ GOMBERT, A. J. (1825). "The French Drama ... with Notes Critical and Explanatory, by A. G. Volume 2 of The French Drama ... with Notes Critical and Explanatory, by A. G". The French Drama... 2. The British Library: 47.
  6. ^ a b Penelope Leach. "What is a tantrum?". BabyCentre. Retrieved 2011-03-20.
  7. ^ a b "Temper Tantrums". KidsHealth. Retrieved 2011-03-20.
  8. ^ Karisa Ding (July 26, 2017). "Tantrums". BabyCenter. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007. Retrieved 2011-03-20.
  9. ^ Jan Hunt. "When a Child Has a Tantrum". The Natural Child Project. Retrieved 2011-03-20.
  10. S2CID 144110786
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  11. doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1945.tb04937.x
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  12. PMID 23006014
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  13. JSTOR 1125359
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  14. ^ Robin Skynner; John Cleese (1993). Families and how to survive them. p. 177.
  15. ^ Isaacs, S. (1940). "Temper tantrums in early childhood in their relation to internal objects". The International Journal of Psychoanalysis. 21: 280–293.
  16. JSTOR 42725308
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  17. S2CID 23682833
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  18. PMID 21707157
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  19. ^ Roy Benaroch (2008). Solving Health and Behavioural Problems from Birth Through Preschool. p. 157.
  20. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.25.3.343
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  21. PMID 7789196
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  22. ^ Patrick Casement (1990). Further Learning from the Patient. pp. 113–4.
  23. ^ Selma H. Fraiberg (1987). The Magic Years. p. 65.
  24. JSTOR 42899711
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  25. PMID 6240965
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  26. ^ Sandra Ketcham. "Temper Tantrums and Autism". LoveToKnow. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
  27. S2CID 43291154
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  28. ^ Bennie, Maureen (2 February 2016). "Tantrum vs Autistic Meltdown: What Is The Difference?". Autism Awareness. Autism Awareness Centre Inc. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
  29. ^ Sigmund Freud. Case Histories II (PFL 9). p. 242.
  30. ^ Sigmund Freud. Case Histories II (PFL 9). p. 257.
  31. ^ Sigmund Freud. Case Histories II (PFL 9). pp. 242 & 257–8.
  32. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2337(1997)23:5<329::AID-AB3>3.0.CO;2-D.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  33. narcissistic
    rages" at the blow to the inflated self-image.
  34. ^ Edmund Bergler in J. Halliday/P. Fuller eds., The Psychology of Gambling (London 1974) p. 182: With "a child confronted with some refusal ... regardless of its justifications, the refusal automatically provokes fury, since it offends his sense of omnipotence".
  35. doi:10.1037/13129-004.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  36. ^ Selma H. Fraiberg (1987). The Magic Years. p. 152.
  37. S2CID 14692506
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  38. ^ William Makepeace Thackeray (1848). The Irish Sketch Book. J. Winchester. p. 138.
  39. ^ Cooper Lawrence, The Cult of Celebrity (2009) p. 72
  40. ^ Simon Crompton, All About Me (London 2007) p. 176
  41. ^ "North Jersey". North Jersey. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
  • The dictionary definition of tantrum at Wiktionary
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