Terror (politics)
Terror (from
Before the late twentieth century,
Terror and terrorism
Charles Tilly defines "terror" as a political strategy defined as "asymmetrical deployment of threats and violence against enemies using means that fall outside the forms of political struggle routinely operating within some current regime", and therefore ranges from "(1) intermittent actions by members of groups that are engaged in wider political struggles to (2) one segment in the modus operandi of durably organized specialists in coercion, including government-employed and government-backed specialists in coercion to (3) the dominant rationale for distinct, committed groups and networks of activists".[5] According to Tilly, the term "terror" spans a wide range of human cruelties, from Stalin's use of executions to clandestine attacks by groups like the Basque separatists and the Irish Republican Army and even ethnic cleansing and genocide.[5]
State terrorism
State terrorism is a particular concept for a type of political terror that is charcterized as terror perpetrated by governments, complementing the general understanding of terrorism.
Revolutionary and counter-revolutionary terror
Counter-revolutionary terror is usually referred to as "White Terror". Notable examples are the terror campaigns in France (1794–1795), in Russia (1917–20), in Hungary (1919–1921) and in Spain. Modern examples of counter-revolutionary terror include Operation Condor in South America.
See also
References
- ^ Harper, Douglas. "terror". Online Etymology Dictionary.
- ^ a b William Safire (23 September 2001). "The Way We Live Now: 9-23-01: On Language; Infamy". New York Times Magazine. Retrieved 14 January 2019.
Finally, the word terrorist. It is rooted in the Latin terrere, "to frighten," and the -ist was coined in France to castigate the perpetrators of the Reign of Terror.
- ^ Geoffrey Nunberg (28 October 2001). "Head Games / It All Started with Robespierre / "Terrorism": The history of a very frightening word". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- Encyclopedia Britannica
- ^ S2CID 143553555.
- ISBN 0-8070-5073-3 – via Google Books.on 11 May 2008. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
- Chandni Navalkha (28 April 2008). "French revolutionary terror was a gross exaggeration, say Lafayette experts". Cornell Chronicle. Cornell University. Archived from the original