The Racecourse Colliery
The Racecourse Colliery is an exhibit located at the Black Country Living Museum.
Original mine shafts at the Black Country Living Museum
The Black Country Living Museum has more than 40 old mine shafts on its site,[1] which have largely been lost, in-filled, collapsed, stabilised or capped. One of the original surviving shafts has been used to create the Racecourse Colliery exhibit. It was originally the shaft of one of the Earl of Dudley's small pits, Coneygree Colliery Pit No 126, which operated between 1860 and 1902. After the pit was abandoned, all the surface landmarks were removed and the shaft itself was eventually filled in.[2]
Work started on the creation of the Racecourse Colliery exhibit in 1979 and, with the exception of the head frame, all work was carried out on Sundays by volunteers from the Birmingham Enterprise Club and the Friends of the Black Country Museum Mining Group. The
Other principal coal seams in the
Features of Racecourse Colliery
The buildings and other features of the Racecourse Colliery are either replicas of known mining landmarks, or have been devised on the basis of photographs and existing knowledge of old Black Country pits. The exception to this is the
Manager's Office
This pit features a Manager's Office and a Weighbridge Office that sit side by side. Many of the small pits did not have a resident manager instead, one manager would look after a number of pits. One of the manager's jobs was to make sure that all the mine plans were kept up-to-date, these plans would have been kept in the office. There are no
Mines were run on a day-to-day basis by the butty, this position can be compared to the modern-day contactor who would agree to sell coal to the mine owner at a fixed price.[5] The butty would also hire and fire the men as required and at a pit like this, between six and 30 men could be employed. Every morning before the start of the shift the butty would go down with his safety lamp and check the workings for gases and to see if any more pit props were required.[4]
At 6.30 in the morning the miners started work. They were lowered down the
The Winding Engine
The winding house at the museum is a replica based on the one that used to stand at
Apart from using the winding engine to raise and lower the miners and the coal tubs, the winding engine would also have been used to remove water from the pit. This was done by a process called tanking. After 1864 all coal miners had to have two head frames and two shafts to provide an extra way out of the workings in an emergency. The second shaft would be situated over the lowest point of the pit so that all the water would gather there in a sump. The winding engine would lower a tank into the sump, a special valve enabled the tank to fill with water, the tank was then raised and someone on the surface pulled a lever one the tank to discharge the water from the pit. There is one of these tanks lying at the side of the miner's hovel.
To the side of the brick engine shed is a small corrugated building which houses the engine and fan. This was installed to provide adequate ventilation in a mine. The engine is from
The Head Frame
The Headframe is a replica of the one that used to stand at the Amblecote Colliery Pit No.12. At the bottom of the shaft was the on-setter, the man whose job it was to load the coal tubs into the cages. When the cage was loaded he would shout or signal (via the bell fixed to the head frame) to the man at the top the shaft, the banks man. He in turn would signal to the engine operator to raise the cage. At the top the banks man would take the truck from the cage, push it along the rails to the land sale wharf. The rails are laid on a slope above the wharf and loaded up with coal.[4]
The Hovel
The miners' Hovel is the workmen's mess room and the place where miners could dry their wet pit clothes at the end of the day. A fire was kept lit in the hovel and wet clothes left hanging in there overnight were usually dry again by morning. The men could also brew a hot drink in the hovel, eat their 'snap'(lunch usually in a tin[6] or cloth covered bowl) or fry bacon and egg on a shovel over the fire. In some pits with a good boss, a barrel of beer may be provided to take underground.[4]
The Blacksmith’s Shop
The Blacksmith's Shop was for keeping the miners' picks sharp, they had to be kept sharp to cut the coal. Tools were sharpened by heating and hammering rather than sharpening with a file. The tools had to be kept sharp in order to get fast results. If a pit did not have a blacksmith the picks would be regularly taken along to the nearest local blacksmith for sharpening. The forge would also be used for making or repairing wrought iron equipment or tub bodies. Rattle chain (Black Country term for flat winding chain[7] ) would have been repaired by the blacksmith. The chain was wound on a narrow reel similar to camera film, not on a drum, and rattled as it wound. Metal tyres for wooden wheels were heated on the forge and the shrunk onto the wooden wheels.[4]
References
- ^ "Racecourse Colliery". Black Country Living Museum. Retrieved 11 March 2013.
- ^ Black Country Living Museum (2012). Black Country Living Museum Guide. Dudley: Black Country Living Museum. p. 12.
- ^ British Geological Survey. "Mineral Resource Information for Development Plans: West Midlands Resources and Constraints". HMSO. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Black Country Living Museum. Racecourse Colliery Guide Notes. Dudley: Black Country Living Museum. pp. 1–4.
- ^ The History of Wolverhampton. "History of Coal Mining in Wolverhampton". www.wolverhamptonhistory.org.uk. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
- ^ BBC. "The history of the world in 100 objects". bbc.co.uk. BBC. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
- ISBN 0750942215.