Third Essay for Orchestra (Barber)

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The Third Essay for Orchestra, Op. 47, is a short orchestral work composed by Samuel Barber in 1978. The score is dedicated to Audrey Sheldon.

History

Barber's Third Essay for Orchestra was the eventual product of a suggestion made in the spring of 1976 by Eugene Ormandy, who had been approached by an anonymous patron offering a commission of $75,000 from the Merlin Foundation for a large-scale work to be premiered by the Philadelphia Orchestra, as well as to support recordings of works of Barber’s choice. The mysterious benefactor eventually was revealed to be Audrey Sheldon Poon, an American socialite, daughter of Huntington D. Sheldon and Magda Merck, the youngest daughter of George Merck, founder of the pharmaceutical firm Merck & Co. Although a contract was signed, a series of misunderstandings between the parties involved resulted in protracted and ultimately fruitless negotiations with the Philadelphia Orchestra Association, who could not accept some of the conditions tied to the contribution. While it is not certain whether it was Barber or his patroness who terminated the arrangement, the Merlin Foundation's cheque was returned. By this time divorced from Mr. Poon and using her maiden name, Audrey Sheldon renewed the commission for an orchestral work, this time intended for the New York Philharmonic, presenting Barber with $60,000.[1][2]

In March 1978, the announcement for the opening concert of the next season of the New York Philharmonic gives the title of Barber's new work as The Ambiguities (after Melville).

Avery Fisher Hall, by the New York Philharmonic, conducted by Zubin Mehta in his debut as music director. After hearing the work performed, Barber was dissatisfied with what he felt was a too-abrupt ending, which he extended somewhat in revision. The score, which was published only in 1991, a decade after the composer's death, bears a dedication to Audrey Sheldon.[6][7]

Instrumentation

The Third Essay for Orchestra is scored for a large orchestra consisting of piccolo, two flutes, two oboes, English horn, E♭ clarinet, two clarinets in B♭, bass clarinet, two bassoons, contrabassoon, four horns, three trumpets, euphonium, three trombones, tuba, two harps, piano, two timpanists (each with four drums), an exceptionally large percussion section (small and large tam-tams, bass drum, sheet metal, marimba, xylophone, cymbal, high and low snare drums, wood block, bells, antique cymbal, bongos), and strings.

Analysis

According to the composer, this essay is absolutely abstract, and more essentially dramatic and less lyric in character than the first two essays, although the central section includes several lyric themes. The introductory twenty-seven bars are for just the percussion with piano and harps, and the thematic nature of the first section is dictated by the percussion. The introductory material serves as a point of reference that holds together the various themes that follow, with the paramount objective of creating unity.[7]

Discography

References

Footnotes

  1. ^ "Mrs. J. H. Wickersham Entertain at a Tea". New York Times (May 22, 1951). p. 36.
  2. ^ Heyman 1992, pp. 498–9; Heyman 2012, p. 468.
  3. ^ Ericson, Raymond. 1978. "Mehta Plans Barber Premiere to Open Philharmonic Season". The New York Times (March 14, 1978). p. 30.
  4. ^ "Deaths". New York Times (April 23, 1978). p. 36.
  5. ISBN 978-0-312-42694-1
    .
  6. ^ Heyman 1992, pp. 502–3; Heyman 2012, p. 468.
  7. ^ a b Ramey, Phillip. 1981. "A Talk with Samuel Barber". In John Corigliano: Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra; Samuel Barber: Third Essay for Orchestra, Op. 47. Stanley Drucker, clarinet; New York Philharmonic; Zubin Mehta, cond. LP recording, 1 disc: 12 inch, 33⅓ rpm, stereo. Recorded Anthology of American Music. New World Records NW 309. Liner notes, 3–4. p. 4.

External links

  • Samuel Barber. Bob Sherman talks to composer Samuel Barber, whose Third Essay will be premiered by the New York Philharmonic under Zubin Mehta. WNYC 93.9 FM (September 10, 1978). WNYC Archives id: 70018 (accessed 26 October 2014).
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