Toshiyuki Nakagaki

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Toshiyuki Nakagaki (born 1963) is a Japanese

slime mold, specifically its ability to solve mazes as a without a brain.[2]

Biography

Toshiyuki Nakagaki was born in 1963 in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. He has shown an interest in art and animals, particularly the morphology and motion of animals.[3]

He was a student at the Graduate School of Life Science where he majored in Soft matter.[4] He later completed a master’s program in Nagoya University, after which he became a professor in Hokkaido University.[5]

Research

Slime molds

Toshiyuki Nakagaki is well known for his work with

slime mold or Physarum polycephalum. He researched the behavioral intelligence of protists and how they are able to memorize mazes. It is proposed as a solution to the Steiner tree problem to figure out the shortest path between two points. Additionally, they have been shown to anticipate environmental changes and respond to less favorable conditions.[6][7] This experiment not only had effects in biology, figuring out a way in which a brainless organism seems to make decisions, but it affects philosophy by changing the understanding of inteligence.[8]

Using this research, Toshiyuki Nakagaki placed a slime mold in a recreation of Tokyo. The slime mimicked the Tokyo railway system without any prior knowledge of the railway. Nakagaki argues that any differences between the two are the result of human politics and that the slime mold may have made the railway more efficient.[9]

Additionally, Nakagaki has been doing research into making

deformable body. A possible solution would be to implement degrees of freedom, which would limit the robot, but allow it to be usable.[10][11][12][13]

Other research

Although less so than his

eel-like slithering, that its gait switched in response to irregular terrain rather than stride frequency.[14]

Ig Nobel Prize

In 2008, Toshiyuki Nakagaki received the Ig Nobel Prize in Cognitive Science along with Hiroyasu Yamada, Ryo Kobayashi, Atsushi Tero, Akio Ishiguro, and Ágota Tóth. They discovered that slime molds could be used to solve mazes in the quickest way possible.[15]

In 2010, Toshiyuki Nakagaki received the Ig Nobel Prize again; this time in Transportation Planning with Atsushi Tero, Seiji Takagi, Tetsu Saigusa, Kentaro Ito, Kenji Yumiki, Ryo Kobayashi, Dan Bebber, and Mark Fricker. They received this Ig Nobel Prize by using slime molds to find optimal routes for railroad tracks.[16]

Toshiyuki Nakagaki is one of only 8 people to have received multiple Ig Nobel Prizes with the other 7 being Jacques Benveniste, Joseph Keller, Alessandro Pluchino, Andrea Rapisarda, Alexander Lukashenko, David Hu, and Patricia Yang.

Other events

In 2015, Toshiyuki Nakagaki gave a

Ted Talks with its program, TEDx Sapporo. In this event he spoke of how slime molds are unique.[17]

References

  1. ^ "Nakagaki Toshiyuki RIES profile". www.es.hokudai.ac.jp. 19 June 2016.
  2. ^ "Slimy, But Not Stupid slime mold article". www.science.org.
  3. ^ "Toshiyuki Nakagaki Tedx Sapporo profile". tedxsapporo.com.
  4. ^ "Nakagaki Toshiyuki RIES profile". www.es.hokudai.ac.jp. 19 June 2016.
  5. ^ "Toshiyuki Nakagaki Researchgate profile". www.researchgate.net.
  6. ^ Starr, Michelle (November 6, 2022). "Slime mold changing understanding of intelligence". www.sciencealert.com.
  7. ^ Tero, Atsushi; Nakagaki, Toshiyuki; Toyabe, Kazutaka; Yumiki, Kenji; Kobayashi, Ryo. "Slime molds to solve the Steiner tree problem". www.oldcitypublishing.com.
  8. ^ Tsang, Jennifer (July 24, 2017). "Marine Biological Laboratory Philosophy course". www.mbl.edu.
  9. ^ Irving, Tyler (January 27, 2022). "Using slime molds to mimic railways". phys.org.
  10. S2CID 8012399
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  11. ^ Umedachi, Takuya; Takeda, Koichi; Nakagaki, Toshiyuki; Kobayashi, Ryo; Ishiguro, Akio. "Twofold ameboid robot". www.oldcitypublishing.com.
  12. S2CID 2996468
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  13. ISBN 9783642006449. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help
    )
  14. S2CID 247253197
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  15. S2CID 205009141
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  16. S2CID 5001773
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  17. ^ "The significance of being unique and what slime molds mean to me Tedx Sapporo talk". tedxsapporo.com.
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