Trans-splicing
Trans-splicing is a special form of
Genic trans-splicing
Whereas "normal"
Oncogenesis
While some fusion transcripts occur via trans-splicing in normal human cells,[1] trans-splicing can also be the mechanism behind certain oncogenic fusion transcripts.[4][5]
SL trans-splicing
Spliced leader (SL) trans-splicing is used by certain microorganisms, notably protists of the
Some other eukaryotes, notably among
The SL trans-splicing functions in the resolution of
Mechanism
Trans-splicing is characterized by the joining of two separate exons transcribed RNAs. The signal for this splicing is the outron at the 5’ end of the mRNA, in the absence of a functional 5’ splice site upstream. When the 5’ outron in spliced, the 5’ splice site of the spliced leader RNA is branched to the outron and forms an intermediate.[10] This step results in a free spliced leader exon. The exon is then spliced to the first exon on the pre-mRNA and the intermediate is released. Trans-splicing differs from cis-splicing in that there is no 5' splice site on the pre-mRNA. Instead the 5' splice site is provided by the SL sequence.[14]
Trans-splicing between sense and anti-sense strands
As a result of the sense strand undergoing transcription, a pre-mRNA is formed that complements the sense strand. The anti-sense strand is also transcribed resulting in a complementary pre-mRNA strand. The exons from the two transcripts are spliced together to form a chimeric mRNA.[15]
Alternative Trans-splicing
Alternative trans-splicing includes intragenic trans-splicing and intergenic trans-splicing. Intragenic trans-splicing involves duplication of exons in the pre-mRNA. Intergenic trans-splicing is characterized by the splicing together of exons formed form the pre-mRNA of two different genes, resulting in trans-genic mRNA.[16]
See also
- Chimera (EST)
References
Further reading
- Dixon RJ, Eperon IC, Samani NJ (January 2007). "Complementary intron sequence motifs associated with human exon repetition: a role for intragenic, inter-transcript interactions in gene expression". Bioinformatics. 23 (2): 150–5. PMID 17105720.
- Yang Y, Walsh CE (December 2005). "Spliceosome-mediated RNA trans-splicing". Molecular Therapy. 12 (6): 1006–12. PMID 16226059.
- Coady TH, Shababi M, Tullis GE, Lorson CL (August 2007). "Restoration of SMN function: delivery of a trans-splicing RNA re-directs SMN2 pre-mRNA splicing". Molecular Therapy. 15 (8): 1471–8. PMID 17551501.
- Wally V, Murauer EM, Bauer JW (August 2012). "Spliceosome-mediated trans-splicing: the therapeutic cut and paste". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 132 (8): 1959–66. PMID 22495179.